Politics
Syrian refugee population in Türkiye declines 38.5% in 5 years
The number of Syrians under Türkiye’s temporary protection regime has fallen by nearly 40% over the past five years, dropping from about 3.7 million in 2021 to roughly 2.3 million in 2026, according to official data compiled from migration figures.
The decline of about 1.4 million people reflects a steady reduction in Türkiye’s Syrian refugee population since it peaked in 2021, when arrivals from the Syrian civil war, which began in 2011, reached their highest levels.
Türkiye, which once hosted the world’s largest Syrian refugee community, has seen a gradual decrease in recent years driven largely by voluntary returns and changing conditions in its southern neighbor.
The population fell to about 3.5 million in 2022, 3.2 million in 2023 and 2.9 million in 2024. It stood at roughly 2.35 million at the end of 2025 before declining further in early 2026.
Officials attribute the downward trend primarily to what they describe as voluntary, safe and dignified returns, supported by stabilization efforts in northern Syria and policies aimed at encouraging repatriation.
Türkiye has hosted Syrians fleeing the war under a temporary protection system that allows legal residence and access to essential services without formal refugee status under the 1951 Refugee Convention framework. Authorities say the policy has been implemented in line with humanitarian principles alongside border security measures.
Interior Minister Mustafa Çiftçi said Türkiye’s approach is being carried out “within the framework of humanitarian values and international law,” adding that return policies are implemented in line with President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s directives.
“In line with the instructions of our President, we are carefully and resolutely taking steps that will contribute to our Syrian brothers and sisters living in peace and security in their own lands,” Çiftçi said in remarks to Anadolu Agency (AA).
He added that Türkiye supports broader reconstruction efforts inside Syria. “We support the ongoing efforts for revival, reconstruction, and normalization of life,” he said, noting that such developments help enable what he described as a more orderly return process.
Changing conditions in Syria
Government statements highlight infrastructure projects, humanitarian assistance and housing construction across the Syrian border as key elements enabling returns. These efforts, officials say, have helped support resettlement in areas cleared of armed groups and improve living conditions inside Syria.
According to official figures, about 1.39 million Syrians have returned from Türkiye to Syria between 2016 and April 2026. Of those, more than 650,000 returned between December 2024 and April 2026, following the collapse of Syria’s long-ruling Baath regime in December 2024.
Officials describe the return process as coordinated and carefully managed. Çiftçi said the government’s priority is ensuring that returns are conducted in an orderly manner, adding that authorities are working “with an understanding that centers human dignity.”
Interior officials say returns are managed through coordination between security agencies and administrative bodies to ensure updated records and controlled border crossings.
Demographics
The Syrian population under temporary protection in Türkiye remains broadly split between genders, with about 1.18 million men and 1.11 million women. The largest age group is adults aged 18 to 64, totaling about 1.17 million people.
Regionally, Istanbul hosts the largest Syrian population with about 405,000 registered individuals, followed by Gaziantep and Şanlıurfa. The smallest registered population is in Hakkari, with just eight Syrians. Tunceli and Bayburt are also among the provinces with the lowest numbers.
Policy shifts, future outlook
Authorities have recently adjusted policies affecting Syrians under temporary protection, including ending eligibility for free health care coverage for new cases as of Jan. 1. Officials say the changes are part of broader planning related to long-term migration management and return strategies.
Turkish officials have also indicated that the temporary protection system may gradually transition toward a residence permit-based framework. Under such a system, Syrians would be required to meet conditions such as housing arrangements, employment status, financial means and health insurance coverage.
Government representatives note that similar policy transitions have taken place in parts of Europe, while emphasizing that Türkiye’s approach has been more gradual due to the scale of its Syrian population.
Authorities have also signaled that financial incentives for returnees may be expanded, including support linked to international funding mechanisms.
Despite the sustained decline, Türkiye continues to host one of the largest Syrian communities in the world. The Syrian war, which has killed hundreds of thousands of people and displaced millions since 2011, forced about 5 million people into neighboring countries, with Türkiye receiving the largest share.
Officials say further returns are expected in the coming period as conditions inside Syria evolve and reconstruction efforts continue, while stressing that participation in return programs remains voluntary.
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said Türkiye and Pakistan are working together with “brotherly countries” to help end ongoing regional conflicts and restore peace and stability, underscoring the importance of mediation efforts and expressing hope for positive outcomes from negotiations.
The remarks came as Erdoğan and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif discussed bilateral ties and regional developments amid heightened tensions across the region, according to a statement made by the Presidential Communications Directorate.
Erdoğan said Ankara and Islamabad would continue taking steps to deepen Türkiye-Pakistan relations across all sectors, reaffirming the close partnership between the two countries.
The Turkish president also congratulated Sharif and the people of Pakistan on Eid al-Adha.
Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) Chair Devlet Bahçeli called Republican People’s Party (CHP) former chair Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu and CHP parliamentary group leader Özgür Özel on Thursday to extend Eid al-Adha, also known as Qurban Bayram, greetings, according to statements from the opposition party.
A statement from CHP headquarters said Bahçeli phoned Kılıçdaroğlu to congratulate him on the Islamic holiday.
Separately, Özel’s press office said the MHP leader also called the CHP parliamentary group leader to convey his Eid al-Adha wishes.
The statement added that Bahçeli was the first political figure to congratulate Özel on the Qurban Bayram holiday.
The holiday exchange came amid an ongoing debate within the CHP over a recent court case seeking absolute nullity regarding the party’s 2023 congress that brought Özel to the leadership. The case has fueled political tensions and speculation over a possible legal challenge to the legitimacy of the congressional process and the current party administration.
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan attended Eid al-Adha prayers on Wednesday at Istanbul’s Grand Çamlıca Mosque, using the annual religious occasion to underline themes of unity, devotion, and the ongoing conflict in Gaza.
Erdoğan departed early morning from his home in Kısıklı, Üsküdar, and arrived at Grand Çamlıca Mosque, where he was greeted by citizens gathered outside. He paused briefly to speak with attendees before entering the mosque for the Eid prayer.
Inside, he joined worshippers in the main prayer hall, standing in line with the congregation as imam-hatip Hafız Kerim Öztürk led the service.
The president remained for the sermon that followed, observing the traditional khutbah delivered to mark the start of Eid al-Adha, known in Türkiye as Kurban Bayramı.
After prayers concluded, Erdoğan addressed worshippers inside the mosque, framing Eid al-Adha as a religious moment centered on submission, sacrifice, and closeness to God. He referenced the story of Prophet Ibrahim and Ismail as the foundation of the holiday’s meaning, saying the spirit of surrender to God should remain a guiding principle for Muslims.
He called for enduring unity and stability among believers, offering prayers for health and peace, and expressing hope that the sense of brotherhood associated with Eid would extend across generations. His remarks repeatedly returned to the idea that collective strength depends on shared faith and solidarity.
A significant portion of his address focused on the wider Muslim world, particularly conflict zones. Erdoğan cited Gaza and Palestine as central examples, saying the current conditions there reflected a deeper test for the Islamic world.
“We are seeking this submission today in Gaza and in Palestine,” he said, linking the religious message of Eid to resilience amid conflict and describing unity as essential to strength and survival for Muslim communities globally.
Following the mosque address, Erdoğan stepped outside to greet journalists and continue his Eid message in a more informal setting. He described Eid as a period defined by compassion, mutual respect, and social solidarity, while emphasizing that Kurban Bayramı carries a distinct spiritual meaning tied to sacrifice and devotion.
He drew a parallel between the ritual of sacrifice and the idea of drawing closer to God, while also referencing the annual Hajj pilgrimage. Pointing to the gathering at Arafat, he said the unity seen during Hajj should serve as a model for global Muslim cohesion, especially as pilgrims begin returning home.
Erdoğan again turned to Gaza during the press interaction, describing the situation as a defining moral issue of the holiday period. He referred to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as a “tyrant” and expressed hope that global Muslim communities would respond with stronger collective resolve. He said he expected a clearer stance against the suffering in the region and called for an end to violence.
He closed his remarks with prayers for peace and unity across the Islamic world, expressing hope that Eid would become a catalyst for greater solidarity and cooperation among Muslim nations.
Following the exchange with reporters, refreshments including chocolates and simit were distributed to members of the press.
The president was accompanied by a senior delegation that included former parliament speaker İsmail Kahraman, Youth and Sports Minister Osman Aşkın Bak, Industry and Technology Minister Mehmet Fatih Kacır, Communications Director Burhanettin Duran, Istanbul Governor Davut Gül, Istanbul Police Chief Selami Yıldız, and several senior ruling party officials. Businessman Acun Ilıcalı was also present among attendees.
Erdoğan’s appearance at Çamlıca Mosque continues a longstanding practice of marking major Islamic holidays in prominent Istanbul mosques, often paired with broader political messaging on domestic cohesion and international affairs.
Eid al-Adha is being observed across Türkiye from May 27 to May 30, with public sector holidays extended for the period.
Türkiye’s main opposition Republican People’s Party (CHP) will hold a congress once a court-issued injunction is lifted, the party’s newly reinstated leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu said Wednesday.
“We will hold a congress, friends. Can there be a party without a congress? A congress will be held,” Kılıçdaroğlu told reporters in response to questions about demands for a party congress.
“Of course, for this to happen, the congress must be held on legal grounds. There is an injunction decision. Once the injunction decision is lifted, the convention will be held, so there is no problem,” he added.
The CHP has descended into chaos after a May 21 court ruling that overturned a 2023 party primary which elected Özgür Özel as leader and reinstated Kılıçdaroğlu, setting off competing leadership claims between the rival camps. Three days later, riot police evicted Özel’s administration from the CHP’s Ankara headquarters after the ousted leader refused to leave. Authorities launched a probe into the violence that unfolded during the eviction. Özel has since been named the party’s parliamentary group chair.
Asked whether the party would have to wait until the Supreme Court of Appeals issues a final and binding ruling after reviewing the case, Kılıçdaroğlu said the issue would be discussed with legal experts within the party.
“We will meet with our lawyer friends, sit down and talk. What is the situation? How can we hold the convention as soon as possible? How can we organize it? We will work on these issues,” he said.
Responding to a question about Özel’s proposal to elect a party chair through the votes of 2 million members, Kılıçdaroğlu said the procedures were clear.
“It is already clear how the chairman is elected. You cannot bypass the convention. The party’s chairmen are elected by congress,” he said.
Özel and his allies are pushing for an early extraordinary congress to settle crisis, Turkish media reported earlier this week.
Despite the crisis, Özel moved quickly to scotch rumors he might leave the CHP to form a new political faction and urges his fellow party members to stay put.
“We have no intention of forming a new party,” he told journalists after attending prayers in Manisa, his hometown near the western resort of Izmir, on the first day of Eid al-Adha, also known as Qurban Bayram.
“”There are those who say ‘we should resign’, but no one should leave the party or resign. We will resolve this issue,” he said, repeating calls for a leadership primary “as soon as possible”.
Türkiye is preparing to expand its e-Hearing system to broader areas of the judiciary as part of an ongoing digital transformation drive aimed at making legal proceedings faster, more accessible and more efficient.
Justice Minister Akın Gürlek said Friday the new phase of the initiative would widen the use of remote hearings beyond first-instance courts and extend them to regional courts of appeal, allowing a wider range of participants to join proceedings online.
Under the planned expansion, lawyers, defendants, expert witnesses, specialists and witnesses will be able to take part in hearings through digital platforms. The reform is also expected to cover procedural steps such as preliminary hearings, interrogations, witness testimony, oaths and letters rogatory.
The Justice Ministry said work on the expanded system accelerated after Gürlek pledged to continue technological reforms designed to reduce lawyers’ workload and speed judicial processes.
“We will continue to develop digital capabilities so that our lawyers can dedicate their energy to their professional activities instead of going back and forth to the courthouse,” Gürlek said.
The initiative forms part of a broader judicial modernization effort centered on digital services and technology-assisted legal procedures. Recent reforms have emphasized shortening trial times, improving access to justice and strengthening institutional efficiency.
The e-Hearing system operates through the National Judiciary Informatics System, or UYAP, Türkiye’s long-running digital judicial network designed to manage court files, legal correspondence and case proceedings electronically. UYAP has been developed over the past two decades to reduce bureaucracy, accelerate proceedings and support paperless judicial administration.
The latest expansion follows several technology-focused initiatives introduced by the ministry in recent months. Authorities recently announced the rollout of the “e-Avukat” application enabling secure video meetings between lawyers and inmates, while Gürlek also unveiled plans for a domestic artificial intelligence-supported UYAP decision support system capable of rapidly analyzing precedent rulings and complex case files.
Ministry officials said judges may also be granted authority to order e-Hearings on their own initiative when deemed necessary, a step intended to further streamline proceedings and improve courtroom efficiency.
Lawyers have generally welcomed the expanded use of digital hearings, particularly for reducing travel burdens and easing scheduling pressures.
The ministry says the reforms are part of a longer-term effort to build a faster and more accessible justice system through technological innovation and digital legal services.
A parliamentary commission established after deadly school attacks in southeastern Türkiye has intensified its work, examining the role of family neglect, peer bullying and digital platforms in violent incidents involving children.
Yusuf Beyazıt, chair of the Turkish Parliament’s Commission on Investigating Violence and Peer Bullying in Schools, said the panel is pursuing a broad inquiry aimed at identifying the causes of school attacks and preventing similar tragedies.
The 22-member commission, established in April with support from all political parties represented in Parliament, began formal work in May following attacks in Şanlıurfa and Kahramanmaraş that shocked the country and renewed debate over school safety and youth violence.
“These incidents have a school dimension, a family dimension, an environmental dimension, and a social media and digital platform dimension,” Beyazıt, a Justice and Development Party (AK Party) lawmaker from Tokat, told Ihlas News Agency.
“It is not possible to solve these events by looking at only one point. A holistic approach is necessary.”
The commission includes lawmakers with backgrounds in medicine, psychiatry, education and labor organizations and is expected to produce recommendations for Parliament after a three-month investigation. Its mandate includes examining school violence, peer bullying and the risks children face in digital environments.
Beyazıt said lawmakers have already visited Kahramanmaraş, where they met grieving families and school officials.
“One family told us, ‘You cannot bear the pain we are experiencing,’” he said, describing the emotional impact of the visit.
The commission plans further field visits to Şanlıurfa and Kahramanmaraş between June 12 and June 15 while continuing consultations with academics, psychologists, ministries and public institutions.
Parliamentary meetings are expected to be held twice weekly, with one session devoted to expert testimony and another focused on coordination with ministries including education, justice and family services.
The investigation comes as policymakers and educators increasingly examine the influence of online content on youth behavior.
Beyazıt warned that children’s digital activity requires closer supervision by families.
“Don’t give your children phones and then leave them on their own,” he said. “You must monitor where they go and who they communicate with. These digital platforms have become a very dark abyss.”
His remarks reflect concerns raised during recent parliamentary hearings, where experts pointed to online radicalization and violent digital subcultures as emerging risks. Academics appearing before the commission argued that some perpetrators may imitate attackers abroad or seek validation through violent online communities that normalize aggression and notoriety.
According to Beyazıt, investigators are reviewing digital traces linked to the recent attacks, including indications that suspects may have viewed or modeled themselves after violent actors overseas. He cautioned, however, that the commission’s findings remain preliminary.
The panel is also examining broader social and psychological factors, including family relations, emotional neglect and access to counseling services.
“The judicial process is continuing, but we must also understand the social causes behind these tragedies,” Beyazıt said.
Parliament moved quickly to establish the commission following the incidents, with lawmakers across party lines describing school violence as a national concern that transcends politics. During the commission’s first meeting, Beyazıt stressed that protecting children should remain the central focus of the inquiry.
“This issue has no ruling party or opposition,” he said at the time. “What is at stake is our children and our future.”
Beyazıt said the commission’s work would focus not only on mourning those lost but also on preventing future attacks.
“We will not only pray,” he said. “It is our duty to do the necessary work so these tragedies do not happen again.”
Helmet gift to President Erdoğan from AK Party Istanbul Provincial Presidency
BREAKING NEWS… Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu is at CHP Headquarters after 3 years! Preparations are complete: What messages will he give?
You tarnished the name of CHP – Last Minute News
Helmet gift to President Erdoğan from AK Party Istanbul Provincial Presidency
BREAKING NEWS… Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu is at CHP Headquarters after 3 years! Preparations are complete: What messages will he give?
You tarnished the name of CHP – Last Minute News
-
Daily Agenda2 days agoEid celebration program at Türkiye’s Cairo Embassy
-
Daily Agenda3 days agoTÜRGEV hosted its visitors at its stand at the 8th Ethnosport Culture Festival
-
Daily Agenda3 days agoMinister Gürlek announced! The attack file against Fenerbahçe will be re-examined!
-
Politics3 days agoErdoğan touts Türkiye’s strength, stability in Eid message
-
Daily Agenda2 days agoErdoğan congratulated Mehmetçik on the phone: ‘You are the pride of our nation’
-
Daily Agenda3 days agoPresident Erdoğan will meet with citizens on the anniversary of the Conquest of Istanbul
-
Daily Agenda2 days agoBREAKING NEWS… CHP Chairman Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu: The Grand National Assembly of Turkey CHP Group General Assembly will not be held!
-
Economy16 hours agoChina touts stronger trade ties, says Canada can surpass export target