The prime minister of Senegal, Ousmane Sonko, lauded Türkiye’s significant investments in his country on Saturday but said there was still room for greater potential in cooperation.

“Türkiye is already a major investor in Senegal, but that is not enough. We believe we can do much more and do it better,” said Sonko, speaking at the Türkiye-Senegal Business Forum in Istanbul, where he is wrapping up a visit.

He also said that Senegal, following last year’s presidential election, has embarked on a new path focused on sovereignty, social justice and prosperity.

Sonko said the West African nation’s government aims to transform the country through partnerships among the state, the private sector, and foreign investors.

Highlighting Senegal’s stability, strategic location, natural resources, skilled workforce and competitive business environment, Sonko invited Turkish companies to invest in areas such as power generation, labor-intensive manufacturing, e-commerce, artificial intelligence, health care infrastructure, pharmaceuticals and biomedical equipment.

He also welcomed President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s goal of raising bilateral trade to $1 billion.

Sonko invited Turkish firms to the Diass Special Economic Zone near Dakar and said Senegal would be honored to host Türkiye at the Invest in Senegal forum on Oct. 7-8.

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Wholesale hazelnut prices have surged this harvest season due to frost damage in Türkiye, the world’s leading producer, where the crop yields are expected to shrink this year.

In April, a cold snap, unseen in years, affected a variety of domestically produced crops, pushing hazelnut prices higher even before the harvest began.

Agriculture Minister Ibrahim Yumaklı called it one of the worst agricultural frosts in the country’s history. Experts have attributed it to climate change, which they claim is increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, as the underlying cause.

According to the Amsterdam-based commodity data platform Vesper BV, a metric ton of Turkish hazelnuts now costs around 9,400 euros ($10,900), an increase of roughly 34% since the start of the year, Vesper told Deutche Presse-Agentur (dpa).

Around 60% of the world’s hazelnuts grow primarily on the green mountain slopes along Türkiye’s Black Sea coast, where the nut is called “green gold” because of its economic importance. Major global chocolatiers such as Italy’s Ferrero source their nuts from this region.

Hamburg trading house Schluter & Maack estimates that wholesale prices for Turkish hazelnuts have risen by approximately 40% since the cold snap, according to a report by dpa, published on Sunday.

Still, surpluses from previous harvests and good yields in other producing countries have partly offset the losses.

In Türkiye, the state grain board raised the minimum purchase price for hazelnuts just days ago. For the 2025-2026 season, it set the price at TL 195 ($4.80) per kilogram.

The last major frost-related event, before April, affecting crops in Türkiye, occurred in 2014. Following the frost this year, which took place in dozens of provinces across the country, even the central bank warned of a temporary increase in food prices due to the impact of the cold weather.

The Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat), in its assessment published in May, also estimated that fruit, beverage, and spice crop production will be 21.4 million tons in 2025, with a 24.4% decrease compared to the previous year.

This has raised concerns among producers of chocolate-hazelnut products, as prices for these goods have also been rising for some time. Accompanied by earlier hikes in global prices of other goods, including cocoa and coffee, the chocolatiers are closely following the shifts in the market.

The production of cocoa was particularly at risk last year as drought hit major producers in West Africa.

Price comparison app smhaggle reviewed four well-known products in the category for the German business newspaper Handelsblatt. Its analysis found that since 2022, prices in the country have climbed by 10% to 65%, in some cases outpacing the average rate of price increases.

The price surge is hitting companies that also source expensive cocoa especially hard, such as Germany’s Ritter Sport, maker of the iconic square chocolate bars.

Ritter Sport processes several thousand tons of hazelnuts annually, mostly from Türkiye’s Black Sea coast and partly from the U.S.

A company spokesperson said the frosts in Türkiye and rising prices have had a tangible impact on Ritter Sport. “We are seeing a massive double burden on the raw materials side,” he said, adding that the strain was not expected to ease up in the future.

The price hikes will likely hit the world’s largest hazelnut buyer the hardest: Nutella-maker Ferrero, which is estimated to source about one-third of all hazelnuts globally.

The Italian company declined to comment on prices when asked, but denies any supply disruptions. The company said it sources hazelnuts not only from Türkiye but also Italy, Chile, and the U.S., which ensures supply security.

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U.S. President Donald Trump has it right that Japan and Europe buy few American-made cars – but it has little to do with trade barriers. From Tokyo to London, many consumers see Detroit’s offerings as simply too big and too gas-guzzling.

That view has made Chevrolets and Cadillacs a hard sell, and a rare sight, in cities full of slimmer cars from the Toyota Corolla to Honda Civic, Volkswagen Golf and Renault Clio.

Trump often complains about what he sees as a refusal to accept U.S. cars while the Japanese and Europeans sell millions of automobiles a year into the U.S. In recent trade deals, both markets agreed to drop or ease safety tests on American vehicle imports. Europe will lower levies on U.S. cars.

But it may take more than a change of rules and lower tariffs to convince Japanese and European consumers, who contend with narrow roads and painfully tight parking, to buy big American-made Ford F-150 trucks and Cadillac Escalade SUVs.

“American cars are designed for wide roads and freeway driving, so handling them on narrow Japanese streets can be tricky. It takes a bit of technique,” said Yumihito Yasue, president of Johnan Jeep Petit in Tokyo, which imports and services vintage cars from the U.S. His customers tend to be enthusiasts in their 50s and 60s who grew up seeing American cars on TV and in movies.

On a recent weekday, he was servicing two Chevrolets, a lustrous brown 1971 Nova and a low-slung 1986 El Camino, both with their steering wheels on the left. In Japan, steering is on the right.

Yasue inherited his love of American cars from his father, who started the business four decades ago and would travel to California to scout for cars. Yasue took over after his father died nine years ago, and sells about 20 vehicles a year.

“What makes American cars special is the design. Compared to Japanese or German cars, the body shape is more beautiful. Especially the lines, like the rear lines and the fenders,” he said.

Some 3.7 million new cars were sold in Japan last year, with a third of those mini or “kei” cars – tiny, fuel-efficient vehicles not produced by American automakers. Overall, foreign cars accounted for 6% of new car sales, data from the Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association showed.

Of those, around 570 Chevys, 450 Cadillacs and 120 Dodges were sold, data from the Japan Automobile Importers Association showed.

Ford pulled out of Japan almost a decade ago. Tesla makes cars sleeker than some of Detroit’s and is becoming more popular. The data does not give a breakdown for the EV maker.

Europe reluctant too

In Europe, smaller locally-made U.S. cars have done well: models like the bestselling Ford Puma and the older Fiesta. But over the past two decades, Ford and General Motors have pivoted toward larger pickups and SUVs, vehicles less suited to Europe’s narrow streets and compact-car culture.

Ford, a big player in Europe from the early 1900s, has seen sales in the region fall sharply, from 1.26 million vehicles in 2005 to just 426,000 in 2024, according to data from the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA). Its market share dropped from 8.3% to 3.3%.

“We don’t buy Ford F-150s, that’s not what our roads are scaled for, it’s not what our customers want,” Andy Palmer, former CEO of Aston Martin, told Reuters.

GM exited Europe in 2017, selling Opel after pulling back Chevrolet, but returned with its Cadillac Lyriq last year. It sold a mere 1,514 of the U.S.-made SUV, according to auto data firm Jato.

A GM spokesperson said Cadillac was growing its all-electric lineup in Europe, and the vehicles had been well-received in the markets where they were launched. A Ford spokesperson said the firm exported “passion products” to Europe like the Bronco and Mustang, alongside locally-made models tailored for the market.

Clive Sutton, a British car dealer in London who sells luxury American models, said his buyers were drawn to the rarity of vehicles like the giant Cadillac Escalade. But he admitted it was a challenge.

“There are people that want that car because of its exclusivity and its perceived status,” Sutton said. “But it’s not the most easy car to find a parking space for, certainly in central London.”

Competitive market

Trump has also put pressure on South Korea to open its market to American cars and said duty-free access was part of the trade deal the two countries agreed last week.

There, imported vehicles account for less than one-fifth of the car market and U.S. models for only 16% of the imported car segment, which is dominated by German rivals, according to data from the Korea Automobile Importers & Distributors Association.

German manufacturers have also carved out a strong presence in Japan’s luxury market. Mercedes-Benz sold more than 53,000 vehicles last year, making it the most popular foreign brand, followed by BMW at more than 35,000. Japanese automakers say Europeans have been successful because they committed the time and resources to the market.

Detroit carmakers, meanwhile, are often associated with left-hand drive cars, which are more challenging to drive on the left-hand side of the road.

But some U.S. manufacturers are changing.

GM has offered the Corvette only in right-hand drive since the eighth generation version went on sale in 2021. That may be one reason why some 80% of buyers are new customers, a GM spokesperson said. The Corvette is the only model Chevy offers in Japan, and it has sold fewer than 1,000 of them a year for the last decade.

GM this year announced plans for a line-up of right-hand-drive Cadillac EVs and deliveries of the Lyriq started in July.

‘Wow, a foreign car’

Jeep, which sells right-hand drive models, has been the most popular American brand for more than a decade, the importer data showed. It sold just shy of 10,000 vehicles last year in Japan.

Yukimi Nitta used to drive a “kei” car but she was drawn to the Jeep Wrangler’s appearance, which she described as “friendly” and “outdoorsy.” The 42-year-old hair salon owner is now on her second Jeep – a limited-edition beige model – and hopes to switch again to another limited-edition color. Parking is tight but manageable, she said, and two of her friends have since bought Wranglers.

“People often say, ‘Wow, a foreign car!’ But once you drive it, it feels totally normal. I wish more people would try it,” she said.

While the Wrangler does burn through fuel quickly, the resale value is good, making it possible to switch out colours, something owners do, Nitta said.

A spokesperson for Jeep owner Stellantis said it actively promoted owner events. In July, it announced a collaboration with the “Jurassic World” movie series featuring a limited-edition pink Wrangler, the spokesperson said.

Big American cars and trucks might find it hard to follow in Jeep’s tracks.

Daniel Cadwell, an American living in Tokyo, exports used Japanese camper vans and wagons to the U.S. He said he was struck by the size of American cars whenever he went home.

“They are just excessively big,” said Cadwell, who runs Javan Imports in Portland with his U.S.-based business partner. “I think it is highly challenging for a car of that sort to be seen as attractive in Japan.”

The export climate for Turkish manufacturers remained strong in July as demand conditions continued to improve in their top markets despite uncertainty in global trade, a survey showed on Friday.

The Manufacturing Export Climate Index, which tracks the performance of Türkiye’s key export markets, rose to 51.3 from 51.0 in June, the Istanbul Chamber of Industry (ISO) said.

Readings above the neutral 50 threshold indicate an improvement in the export climate, while values below suggest deterioration. The latest figure marks the 19th consecutive month of improvement.

Economic activity in the United States, Türkiye’s second-largest export market for manufactured goods, accelerated in July, expanding at its fastest pace so far in 2025, the survey said.

The Middle East also contributed, with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) seeing strong non-oil activity despite a slight slowdown from June. Similar trends were recorded in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.

Several major European export markets also registered growth in output. Spain recorded strong expansion, while Germany, the U.K., Italy and the Netherlands saw moderate increases.

In contrast, output contracted in France and Romania, which together account for about 7% of Türkiye’s manufacturing exports.

Russia’s output fell for a second month in July, with the pace of decline accelerating to its sharpest since October 2022, according to the survey.

Among all monitored economies, India posted the fastest growth, accelerating to a 15-month high. The steepest contraction occurred in Taiwan, followed by notable declines in Poland and Kenya.

Commenting on the findings, Andrew Harker, economics director at S&P Global Market Intelligence, said:

“In July, demand conditions showed improvement in most of the top 10 export markets of Turkish manufacturers. The notable expansion in the United States, where growth was recorded at its fastest pace since the beginning of 2025, was particularly encouraging for firms,” said said Andrew Harker, economics director at S&P Global Market Intelligence.

“In a global trade environment marked by heightened uncertainties, the overall improvement in economic activity in countries that constitute the main sources of external demand for Turkish exporters is a positive signal.”

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Türkiye is nearing an exit from a scheme shielding deposits against currency depreciation, a measure authorities began phasing out gradually in 2023 following a pivot toward more conventional economic policies.

Officials and the central bank have said the foreign exchange-protected Turkish lira deposits scheme, known as KKM, would be terminated by the end of 2025, though many bankers believe the exit could come even sooner.

Under the scheme, adopted in late 2021 to help reverse dollarization and counter a steep fall in lira, the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT) had been protecting deposits by covering depreciation costs.

But authorities have been seeking to phase it out gradually and transition deposits into regular lira accounts, in part by dissuading companies and individuals from renewing the KKM accounts.

The value of deposits covered by the scheme has shrunk from a peak of $140 billion to below $11.8 billion, a figure now seen as negligible in the context of Türkiye’s $1.3 trillion economy. The exit from KKM has progressed much faster than initial market expectations.

Under the scheme, individuals and businesses were able to deposit lira in special accounts that were protected against exchange rate losses. The lira lost 44% of its value against the dollar in 2021, 29% in 2022, 37% in 2023, and 16% last year.

So far this year, it has depreciated by 13%.

Treasury and Finance Minister Mehmet Şimşek told Reuters this week the KKM balance had declined steadily thanks to the government’s exit strategy and tight monetary policy.

The KKM stock has fallen to almost TL 478 billion ($11.75 billion) from TL 3.4 trillion in August 2023. Its share of total deposits slid to 2% from 26.2%.

The balance dropped around TL 11.6 billion in the week through Aug. 1, according to the data from the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BDDK) on Thursday.

After May 2023 elections, authorities turned to more conventional policies led by monetary tightening primarily aimed at curbing stubborn inflation.

With inflation having eased to 33.5% from a peak of 75% last year, the central bank has begun cutting rates again.

The total cost of the KKM is estimated at nearly $60 billion to the end of 2024, according to Reuters calculations based on central bank reports and budget data.

Last year, Türkiye ended other such policies, including a rule that forced banks to buy government bonds, effectively ending state control over the bond market. Earlier this year, the opening and renewal of KKM accounts for corporates was halted.

Since the return on KKM accounts is capped at 40% of the policy rate, they have long ceased to offer a meaningful alternative to regular lira deposits.

As the remaining KKM accounts held by individuals mature, a final regulation is expected to prohibit new openings and renewals, completing the phase-out of the scheme.

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Global food commodity prices climbed in July to their highest level in more than two years, driven by surging vegetable oil costs and record-high meat prices, which offset declines in cereals, dairy and sugar, data showed on Friday.

The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Food Price Index, which serves as a global benchmark for food commodity prices, averaged 130.1 points in July, a 1.6% increase from June, FAO said.

That was the highest reading since February 2023, though the index was 18.8% below its peak of March 2022, which followed Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.

FAO’s meat price index hit a new all-time high of 127.3 points, up 1.2% from its previous peak in June, as strong import demand from China and the United States boosted beef and sheep meat prices, the agency said.

U.S. beef imports have climbed after drought led to a decline in the domestic cattle herd. China shipped in record amounts of beef last year amid growing popularity of the meat, though an official probe into imported beef has raised uncertainty about Chinese demand.

In other meat markets, poultry prices rose slightly following the resumption of imports of Brazilian chicken by major buyers after Brazil regained its avian influenza-free status following action against a first farm-level outbreak.

In contrast, pig meat prices declined due to sufficient supplies and lower demand, particularly in the European Union, FAO added.

The agency’s vegetable oil index surged to 166.8 points, up 7.1% month-on-month and the highest level in three years.

This increase was driven by higher quotations for palm, soy, and sunflower oils due to robust global demand and tightening supplies, though rapeseed oil prices fell as new-crop supplies arrived in Europe, FAO said.

FAO’s cereal price benchmark eased to its lowest in almost five years, reflecting seasonal supply pressure from wheat harvests in the Northern Hemisphere.

Its separate rice index dropped 1.8% last month, driven by ample export supplies and weak import demand.

Dairy prices edged down for the first time since April 2024, with declines for butter and milk powders offsetting further gains for cheese.

FAO’s sugar price index eased for a fifth consecutive month on expectations of increased production in Brazil and India, despite indications of recovering global sugar import demand, the agency said.

FAO did not update its cereal supply and demand estimates this month.

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