Economy
UK finance chief seeks to steer economy with low-key budget
Britain’s Chancellor of the Exchequer John Healey is set to announce a cautious budget plan on Wednesday as he tries to avoid piling more bond market pressure on the new government of Prime Minister Andy Burnham.
Banks, gambling firms and online marketplaces such as Amazon and Temu are expected to be hit with higher taxes. That would help to pay for support for poorer households facing high energy bills and to freeze fuel duty for drivers.
Healey – a former trade union official and a junior Treasury minister in the 1990s – says he wants to give Britain “a bit of breathing space” from the impact of the Iran war that is pushing up inflation.
“This budget is about getting through this difficult moment. But it’s also about putting Britain on a future path, a better future path,” he said in a statement.
Devolution, defense and debt
His first budget – due to be announced in parliament just after 12:30 p.m. (1230 GMT) – will detail how the government plans to give regional mayors more control over tax revenues, part of Burnham’s devolution push.
Separately, more than £20 billion in extra support will go to state finance institutions to spur investment in artificial intelligence, defense and green energy by the early 2030s.
On entering Downing Street in July, Burnham promised “the biggest changes in the last 40 years”, including a bigger role for the state in the economy.
But Healey’s options are limited by the surge in borrowing costs for governments around the world including Britain, where investors remember the 2022 “mini-budget” of former Prime Minister Liz Truss and the ensuing bond market meltdown triggered by its unfunded tax cuts.
On Tuesday, Britain paid the highest interest on a 5-year government bond since 2008.
After big tax and spending increases in the two budgets of the previous Finance Minister Rachel Reeves, Wednesday is being framed as a “steady as she goes” moment for Britain’s economy, which has so far withstood the Iran war energy price shock.
Bond dealers polled by Reuters expect less than £10 billion in extra debt issuance this financial year, compared with April’s forecasts, though they see financing needs for next year being revised up by more than £25 billion.
In an attempt to ease some of Reeves’ big tax hit on employers, Healey has said he would reduce paperwork for businesses to save them £800 million a year.
Bigger policy changes – including how to fix the inflation hit to public spending – are likely to have to wait for a 10-year plan that Burnham has said he will announce later this year and a broad spending review in 2027.
But Healey is under pressure to say now how he intends to pay more for defense – an issue that caused him to quit as defense minister in June in a move that hastened Keir Starmer’s resignation as prime minister.
Possible savings from reforms to Britain’s fast-growing welfare spending could offer a bit of latitude later this year.
But Healey’s biggest hope is for an end to the Iran war, which would lower the government’s bill for servicing £3 trillion of public debt. That was already on course to gobble up more than 10% of public spending before the war began.
He has said he would stick to the government’s fiscal targets, key for maintaining the confidence of the bond market.
Britain’s budget forecasters are expected to say on Wednesday that the margin for meeting the more challenging target has fallen to £15 billion, from £24 billion in March.
The Treasury has announced a string of low-cost policies to try to show it can still help voters, including tariff cuts on some imported goods including gherkins and marmalade.
On Wednesday morning the government said it would remove standing charges on gas bills, fixed daily fees that are applied to bills regardless of usage levels. Instead the cost will be linked to the price of gas consumed, meaning those who use the least will pay less.
Sarah Coles, head of personal finance at investment platform AJ Bell, said targeted tax changes could help carers and parents. “For others they will be a drop in the ocean. Hard-pressed households will be hoping for more support,” Coles said.
Türkiye’s foreign trade deficit narrowed in September compared to the same month last year as exports grew much faster than imports, official data shared by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) showed on Wednesday.
The trade deficit dropped to $5.16 billion in September from $6.96 billion a year ago, the data revealed.
This marked a 25.8% decrease compared with September 2025.
In September, exports jumped by 15.3% on an annual basis to nearly $26 billion, while imports rose only by 5.6% to $31.1 billion.
Excluding energy products and non-monetary gold, the foreign trade shortfall was $541 million, TurkStat said.
Türkiye’s main partner country for exports during September was Germany, followed by the U.S., the U.K., Iraq and Italy. The country imported more from China, followed by Germany, the U.S. and Italy.
In the January- September period this year, exports stood at nearly $211 billion, with a 5.2% increase, and imports were $281.9 billion, up 5.3% year-over-year, respectively.
Shares of billionaire Mukesh Ambani’s Reliance Jio Platforms climbed as much as 21% at the start of trading on the Mumbai stock exchange on Wednesday, making it India’s second-largest company by market capitalization, valued at about $131.5 billion.
The listing, the first for the Reliance conglomerate in two decades, furthers Ambani’s plan to turn Reliance from an oil-and-chemicals conglomerate into an “everything company” spanning consumer products and technology.
Jio, whose telecoms business serves more than 530 million customers, is backed by Meta Platforms and Alphabet’s Google. Its user numbers are second only to China Mobile on the basis of single-country subscribers.
The listing ceremony on Wednesday in Mumbai was attended by members of the Ambani family, including Mukesh’s eldest son, Akash, who is Jio’s managing director. Before walking to the stage to speak, he touched his parents’ feet, a traditional gesture of respect.
While all three children of the senior Ambani gave speeches, Mukesh sat in the audience, visibly emotional and in tears.
Mukesh Ambani, Asia’s richest person according to Forbes magazine, has spent years shaping a succession plan that was intended to avoid a repeat of the public feud with his younger brother, Anil, that followed their father Dhirubhai’s death in 2002 without a will.
To celebrate the listing, Reliance is hosting a celebration for employees at its large office near Mumbai, with jam sessions and other performances planned, an internal memo showed.
Jio’s stock opened at 1,358 rupees a share, compared with its 1,119-rupee offer price. Its market capitalization overtook those of telecom firm Bharti Airtel and HDFC Bank, making it the second-largest Indian firm by that metric.
“The IPO price offered a valuation entry point; the listing price reflects a much greater degree of optimism,” said Aishvarya Dadheech, founder of Fident Asset Management.
‘Thank you, India’
Several brokerages see a potential upside for the Jio stock, but they flagged competition, heavy capital spending and changes in India’s telecom rules, including those related to spectrum, licensing and fees.
“Jio has had a strong debut even despite geopolitical issues and turbulent market conditions … the revenues and earnings will lead the stock here onwards,” said Kranthi Bathini, equity strategist at WealthMills Securities.
The Ambani family rang the IPO bell on stage at the National Stock Exchange in Mumbai. Mukesh Ambani watched as Anant traced Reliance’s and Jio’s legacies and journey in a speech at the ceremony.
Major Indian newspapers on Wednesday carried front-page ads from Reliance Jio, saying, “Thank you, India.”
India has become the world’s busiest IPO market this year in terms of the number of deals, with 246 listings so far, though it ranked fourth by money raised at $13.5 billion, behind the US, mainland China and Hong Kong, LSEG data showed.
Including Jio Platforms’ record IPO would lift India above Hong Kong’s $15.4 billion, according to Reuters calculations.
Despite its size, Jio Platforms’ IPO was not a record payday for its bankers. Its 19 bankers will split about $20.7 million, or 0.65% of the offer, roughly half the 1.3% that sources said Hyundai Motor India paid to its bankers in 2024.
Wealth generator
The Jio listing is the Ambanis’ latest turn at the stock market. Dhirubhai Ambani, Mukesh’s father and Reliance’s founder, took the company public in 1977 with an offering aimed at small retail investors, which was widely credited with helping build India’s equity culture.
Jio comes from a stable that Indian investors have long backed: parent Reliance Industries has returned about 900% since 2006, ahead of the Nifty’s 685%, LSEG data shows, and is often seen as a buy-and-hold staple in retail portfolios.
After the ceremony, people waved flags bearing the Jio logo next to the National Stock Exchange’s bull statue, where the Ambani family posed for pictures.
Canada and the United Arab Emirates signed a comprehensive trade agreement Tuesday aimed at reducing trade barriers and attracting investment, as Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney seeks to diversify economic partnerships amid strained relations with the United States.
Carney and Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Sheikh Khaled bin Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan presided over the signing of the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), which aims to cut tariffs, reduce red tape and improve market access for businesses in both countries.
Carney has vowed to double Canada’s non-U.S. trade over the next decade as President Donald Trump’s tariffs have rippled through Canada’s economy. Subsequent attempts for a deal with Washington have broken down, and that has pushed Carney to aggressively pursue trade pacts with countries from the Asia Pacific to Europe and the Middle East.
“Once fully implemented, the CEPA will reduce or eliminate tariffs on over 99% of current Canadian exports to the UAE. That means new markets for Canadian farmers growing pulses and canola, for manufacturers of industrial machinery and power generation equipment, for our world-class aerospace sector, and other Canadian innovators,” The Prime Minister’s Office said in a statement.
“The agreement will also address non-tariff barriers, create a more predictable environment for trade and investment, and expand market access for Canadian goods and services, including in the industrial, agricultural, forest, fish and seafood, environmental, and engineering sectors,” it said, adding CEPA is expected to enter into force in 2027.
The two countries also signed preliminary agreements on energy, diplomatic and defence cooperation.
“We see considerable potential for our private sector, whether through improved market access for our exporters or access to investment opportunities in high-growth sectors such as logistics, communications, advanced technology and manufacturing – all of which will support our pursuit of a resilient, diversified and globally connected economy,” UAE’s Foreign Trade Minister Thani Al Zeyoudi said in a statement.
He signed the CEPA deal with his Canadian counterpart Maninder Sidhu.
UAE is the largest Middle Eastern market for Canadian exports and is a big buyer of Canadian motor vehicles and parts, and machinery. Two-way trade between the countries was worth C$3.5 billion ($2.48 billion) last year. It has been growing at 10% annually for the last few years, according to government data.
The UAE last year also committed up to $50 billion in investment in Canada.
The signing is the last step before Canada’s Parliament can ratify the agreement, a Canadian government source said.
Türkiye may reach agreements to make acquisitions or form new partnerships abroad for hydrocarbon exploration before the end of the year, Energy and Natural Resources Minister Alparslan Bayraktar said Tuesday.
Addressing an energy summit in Istanbul, Bayraktar said the government will expand its overseas exploration, with a focus on Iraq, Syria, Libya and Pakistan. He said Türkiye also wants to explore off the coasts of Lebanon and Syria with its own ships.
Ankara is seeking to step up operations of the state-owned upstream oil and gas company Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO) through partnerships with international companies as it looks to strengthen energy security and build a larger global production portfolio.
Officials have repeatedly voiced the aim to transform the TPAO into a more prominent energy producer.
Bayraktar said Türkiye had a production capacity of 300,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day, adding that the current planning had this reaching 550,000 to 600,000 by 2028. A longer-term goal is to produce 1 million barrels of oil and natural gas a day.
Reaching the target would mean more than tripling Türkiye’s current output, and even the level planned for 2028 would leave it well short.
Bayraktar’s comments show Ankara is looking abroad, to Africa, Lebanon and elsewhere, to close the gap.
“There may be more news, good news by the end of the year. We may buy, acquire companies. We are making partnerships and will continue to do so,” the minister said.
“There may be new fields, new countries; it could be Africa. Therefore, we want to reach that 1 million barrel target with these,” he said
TPAO has signed agreements for offshore hydrocarbon exploration in Libya and Pakistan. Türkiye also has an agreement for offshore exploration with Somalia and has been carrying out operations in that region.
Bayraktar recalled what he described as a historic partnership signed between the TPAO and the British oil major BP earlier this year.
Under the agreement, the TPAO acquired a 15% stake alongside BP and ConocoPhillips in the consortium developing the Baba and Avanah domes and the Bai Hassan, Jambur and Khabbaz fields in Iraq’s Kirkuk region.
Bayraktar said Türkiye was also exploring possible electricity trade with Lebanon and that it was interested in hydrocarbon exploration there too.
“Türkiye has become a country that can explore for natural gas, oil with its own ships. We have a very strong fleet. This is why we’re now going to Lebanon… We are interested in Lebanon’s offshore,” he said.
European countries offering to buy gas from Türkiye
Türkiye is set to announce its new energy road map next week.
Electrification will be at the center of the 2040 strategy, Bayraktar said, along with plans for electricity storage investments, electric transportation and artificial intelligence.
He said high energy prices make greater use of electric vehicles necessary, and that significant steps will be taken.
The plan envisions about $100 billion of investment in electricity transmission and distribution networks.
Globally, the world is facing a deepening energy crisis due to the Iran war, which Bayraktar called the biggest of modern times.
He said the situation in the Strait of Hormuz, the narrow waterway at the mouth of the Persian Gulf through which much of the world’s oil passed before the conflict started in late February, has become more complex.
He said energy infrastructure has turned into one of the main targets in wars and conflicts.
The risk of higher oil prices remains, Bayraktar said. “Prices are very high right now. Even $115 oil could turn out to be a low price. There is a risk of it going higher,” he noted.
Bayraktar said Türkiye has had no supply problems during the energy crisis, and is trying not to pass price increases on to citizens.
Natural gas subsidies will continue, he said, but the country is entering a period in which gas and electricity prices will strain it.
He added that some European countries were offering to buy natural gas from Türkiye after deciding to halt energy trade with Russia over its invasion of Ukraine.
Bayraktar said that Türkiye could be an alternative route for Europe while becoming an energy centre of its own.
Akkuyu nuclear plant nears startup
Bayraktar said the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant, Türkiye’s first, on the Mediterranean coast in Mersin province, was delayed by the pandemic and an earthquake but is nearing completion.
Intensive works are continuing, he said. After more than 1,000 tests, the plant will be put into operation, and its physical startup will come within the next week or two, he said.
The government is also interested in small modular reactors, he said. Türkiye will discuss nuclear investments in South Korea on Monday and is in contact with China and Russia, he added.
Bayraktar said coal supplies about one-third of Türkiye’s electricity and noted that the government is ready to hear proposals for replacing that output with other sources.
French consumer sentiment declined by 5 points to 80 in October, marking its lowest level since June 2013 amid nationwide protests, the country’s official statistics agency INSEE said on Tuesday.
France is being hit by a wave of protests, which began with small student demonstrations in suburban Paris in September to denounce school conditions and swiftly broadened into a wider protest against the government’s economic policies.
Economists surveyed by Reuters had expected confidence to be 85, the same as the revised September number.
The consumer confidence is well below a long-term average of 100 between January 1987 and December 2025.
The proportion of consumers who believe that prices have risen sharply over the past 12 months has risen by 8 points, having already gained 6 in September.
Households’ sentiment toward their past and future personal financial situations has also dropped by 9 and 6 points, respectively.
Fears over the trend in unemployment are on the rise again, up by 5 points following a fall in September.
The proportion of households considering this a good time to make savings has also fallen by 6 points.
Zhang Yiming, founder of TikTok’s parent company ByteDance, has reclaimed the top spot on a list of China’s richest people, driven by his company’s push into artificial intelligence.
The rankings released by The Hurun Research Institute on Tuesday reflected that the country’s high-tech sectors were rising, but others like consumer and real estate were under pressure.
The institute, which has published the list annually since 1999, found a record 1,529 people with more than 5 billion yuan (about $750 million), up 6.6% from last year.
The number of billionaires based on their net worth in U.S. dollars rose to 1,176, up 155 people – 176 more than the U.S. That was slightly below the 1,185 people in 2021.
Zhang topped the list with $100 billion, up 43%, “almost all of it on the back of AI,” and the amount was a record high for China’s richest person, Rupert Hoogewerf, Hurun Report chair, said in a statement. Hoogewerf noted that ByteDance’s Doubao is China’s most used AI assistant.
ByteDance is also the parent company of popular short-video platforms Douyin and TikTok.
“AI is the biggest single wealth engine on this list: 160 Hurun rich listers – 1 in 10 – now make their money from AI,” he said.
Bottled water magnate Zhong Shanshan fell to second place with $61 billion, down 23%, while Robin Zeng, chair of CATL, the world’s largest maker of batteries for electric vehicles, came third, Hurun said.
Hurun cross-checked its information with entrepreneurs, regulators, industry experts and others to compile the list, while acknowledging limitations.
Chinese artificial intelligence startup DeepSeek founder Liang Wenfeng, a new face on the list, ranked seventh. AI chipmaker Cambricon chair Chen Tianshi was 10th.
“This year’s gains were polarised – entrepreneurs in AI, semiconductors and robotics surged ahead, whilst those in consumer, real estate and traditional manufacturing saw their wealth shrink – a two-speed economy,” Hoogewerf said.
China last week said its economy grew 4.5% in the July-September quarter from a year ago, fueled by robust exports, moving closer to meeting its official annual growth target for the year. For the whole year, Chinese leaders have set a growth target of 4.5% to 5%, down from last year’s 5% expansion.
While some industries were thriving thanks to government support for technologies such as AI and electric vehicles, owners of small businesses reported tough times as their customers cut back on spending.
China’s domestic demand has been weighed down by a yearslong downturn in its property market.
The Hurun list reflected that too.
Hoogewerf said Lei Jun, chair of Chinese smart consumer electronics maker Xiaomi, was this year’s “biggest faller,” with his wealth halved to $25.1 billion. Consumer fortunes also fell across the board, Hoogewerf said.
“Today, for the first time ever, not a single mainland property developer remains in the Top 100 – the only property names left at the top are the Hong Kong landlord families,” he said.
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