Politics
Erdoğan embarks on UN trip with Palestine, Syria, US ties in mind
Answering reporters’ questions before his departure for New York from Atatürk Airport in Istanbul, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan summed up his busy schedule in the United States, where he will attend the United Nations General Assembly.
A platform for leaders of countries big and small, the assembly will give Erdoğan a chance to delve into the causes he champions. Primary among them will be the plight of Palestinians in Gaza and the need for a two-state solution to resolve it, as the Turkish leader reiterated once again on Sunday.
Erdoğan will also be joined by Syria’s post-Assad administration at the U.N. General Assembly and he pledged to stand with them in their bid to recover the war-torn country.
A key entry on Erdoğan’s itinerary will be his first one-on-one meeting in the U.S. with his counterpart, Donald Trump. Erdoğan described the U.S. president as a “valuable friend” as he talked to journalists on Sunday and said they would meet on Thursday.
Erdoğan said this year’s General Assembly would be different than previous ones due to widespread recognition of the State of Palestine. “We hope these decisions would add momentum to realizing the two-state solution,” he said.
Britain was set to recognize a Palestinian state on Sunday, U.K. media said, ahead of key U.N. talks where several nations are poised to follow suit to pressure Israel over Gaza. Portugal’s Foreign Ministry also said in a statement that Lisbon “will recognize the State of Palestine” and that “the official declaration of recognition will be made on Sunday.”
Although it would be a largely symbolic move, the U.K. would become the first G-7 country to move toward full recognition of a State of Palestine, with France and others expected to follow at the U.N. General Assembly. It is a watershed moment for Palestinian statehood, with the most powerful Western nations for years holding out against recognition, arguing it had to be part of any two-state solution negotiated as part of a deal to peace with Israel. But a growing number of longtime allies have shifted positions, as Israel has intensified its Gaza offensive.
President Erdoğan highlighted the theme of the assembly as “Better together: 80 years and more for peace, development and human rights.” Erdoğan, however, was critical of the U.N., especially “its current structure reflecting the circumstances 80 years ago and falling short of executing its primary duties.”
Erdoğan is a fervent advocate for reforms at the U.N., especially the structure of the five-member Security Council, where world powers decide on the fate of countries, with smaller countries having no rights. The Turkish leader describes his fight for reforms with the motto “the world is bigger than five.” His reform call escalated in the wake of Israel’s brutal campaign since 2023 in the Palestinian territories, which has claimed the lives of tens of thousands of civilians.
“There is no explanation for leaving the solution of humanitarian crises at the mercy of Security Council countries with veto power. I first voiced this fact 12 years ago at the U.N. General Assembly, telling them that the world is bigger than five. Developments have repeatedly affirmed the truth in our statement since then. Even the U.N. secretary-general started voicing the need for urgent reforms at the U.N. We supported reform efforts and will continue doing so,” Erdoğan said.
“In my speech at the General Assembly on Tuesday, I will particularly raise awareness of humanitarian disaster and oppression in Gaza,” the president said.
Erdoğan has long been a vocal advocate for Palestinian rights, emphasizing the need for an independent state with East Jerusalem as its capital. In previous U.N. addresses, he has repeatedly criticized Israel’s military operations in Gaza, calling on the international community to uphold international law and protect civilians. Last year, he urged nations that had yet to recognize Palestine to “stand on the right side of history” and take concrete steps toward Palestinian statehood.
On Sunday, he recalled his talks on Thursday with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and said he had “extensive talks” with the Palestinian leader on recognition of Palestine. Palestine has always faced serious issues in the region and continues to do so. Türkiye has always been with Palestine and will remain such. The world, however, did not stand with them, unfortunately. Now we see some 140 countries recognizing Palestine. This is good news, and we will have more good news when more join them in recognition at the General Assembly. We hope that more countries will recognize Palestine,” he said.
Erdoğan has brought Israel’s genocide in Palestine to the global agenda at U.N. meetings he has attended since his time as prime minister, becoming the voice of Palestine. In these meetings, he has called on the international community to act together against Israel’s oppression, frequently emphasizing that the solution lies in the immediate establishment of an independent and homogeneous Palestinian state based on the 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital.
In his 2007 address to the 62nd General Assembly, which he attended as then-prime minister, Erdoğan said the Middle East conflict constituted one of the most significant sources of instability in the region where Türkiye is located. Stressing that they see the Palestinian issue, which has repercussions both regionally and beyond, as the fundamental issue at the heart of the Middle East conflict, he said the issue requires the cooperation of not only the region but also countries beyond the region. “We believe that a resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict will have a positive impact on resolving other problems in the region. “We are ready to provide all kinds of support to the parties in their efforts to revitalize the peace process and to contribute to the planned international meeting,” he stressed.
Erdoğan struck similar tones in his speech at the U.N. General Assembly in 2009, emphasizing that this is one of the regional issues Türkiye places particular importance on. A solution to the Palestinian issue would only be possible if everyone were treated fairly and equally, Erdoğan said, adding: “Ending the human tragedy in Gaza and establishing lasting peace is our humanitarian and conscientious responsibility.”
In his speech to the 66th U.N. General Assembly in 2011, he said the failure to resolve the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and, on the contrary, the constant squandering of rights and law for the sake of political balances, is the greatest blow to the sense of international justice. There are hundreds of resolutions passed under the U.N. umbrella that Israel disregards, he noted. Highlighting that the U.N. is incapable of taking any steps to end the humanitarian tragedy experienced by the Palestinian people, Erdoğan said: “There are no sanctions against Israel, which readily uses phosphorus bombs, Israel, which possesses atomic bombs.”
“However, as soon as they sense such a climate in the environment, they start trying to figure out how to impose sanctions. Is this justice? Shouldn’t this be questioned?
“If, as the international community, we believe in the ideal of establishing international peace and security, the founding purpose of the U.N., Israel must be pressured for peace, despite those who govern it, and clearly demonstrated that it is not above the law,” he further highlighted.
Erdoğan, in his first address to the 69th U.N. General Assembly in 2014 as president, said: “The immediate implementation of a two-state solution in Palestine, the lifting of the blockade on Gaza and the establishment of an independent and sustainable Palestinian state alongside Israel are political, humanitarian and moral imperatives.”
He noted that the two-state solution was discussed at the U.N. podium, but no action was taken, saying: “Talk is not enough. We need action. It is time for action.”
In his address to the 79th U.N. General Assembly in 2024, Erdoğan expressed his satisfaction at seeing the representative of Palestine, after a long struggle, among member states.
“I hope this historic step will mark the final turning point on Palestine’s path to U.N. membership.
“I invite other states that have not recognized Palestine to stand on the right side of history at this critical juncture and recognize the State of Palestine as soon as possible,” he noted.
Erdoğan emphasized that Israel’s stalling and deceptive tactics should not be given any further credence. “In an environment where U.N. Security Council Resolution 2735 is not being implemented, coercive measures against Israel must be put on the agenda.
“Israel’s stance has once again demonstrated that it is essential for the international community to develop a protection mechanism for Palestinian civilians.
“Just as Hitler was stopped by the alliance of humanity 70 years ago, Netanyahu and his murderous network must also be stopped by the alliance of humanity,” he added.
Noting that Türkiye is the country that sends the most aid to Gaza, Erdoğan said that Ankara, by halting trade transactions with Israel, has demonstrated its sensitivity on this issue. “We also stand with the people and government of Lebanon, against whom Israel has recently escalated its attacks,” he further highlighted.
Erdoğan also expressed his support for the genocide case filed by South Africa at the International Court of Justice to ensure that Israel’s crimes do not go unpunished.
Solidarity with Syria
Another issue dominating Erdoğan’s agenda is the new era in Türkiye’s southern neighbor, Syria. Ahmed al-Sharaa, the first president of the country after the fall of the Baathist regime, will make his inaugural participation at the General Assembly. Ankara has been quick to re-establish ties with Syria under the interim administration of al-Sharaa and pledged to contribute to the recovery of the war-torn country.
“It is a delightful development for us to have a new administration of our neighbor Syria there at the U.N. after its liberation with the Dec. 8 revolution following 14 years of bloodshed and darkness,” Erdoğan told reporters on Sunday.
“I believe this General Assembly would make contributions to efforts for our Syrian brothers and sisters to achieve permanent peace after they endured great suffering and paid hefty prices for their freedoms,” Erdoğan said.
The president noted that he would also host al-Sharaa and his foreign minister “soon” in Ankara and prior to that, would meet them in New York, at the Turkish House, which houses the Turkish diplomatic mission. “We will not abandon Syria and we will mobilize all resources for strengthening Syria,” Erdoğan said.
Meeting with Trump
Apart from his U.N. speech, the highlight of Erdoğan’s visit will certainly be a meeting with U.S. President Donald Trump. It will be the first time the two leaders will meet in the U.S., although they have come together in several international events before and held frequent phone calls.
The president called Trump a valuable friend as he replied to questions about the upcoming meeting on Sunday, adding that they would discuss issues to boost bilateral cooperation from trade to investment and the defense industry.
“Regional issues will certainly top the agenda of our meeting. As two friends and allies, we understand the importance of close consultation and coordination. We expressed support earlier for Mr. Trump’s global peace vision and his efforts in that regard. We believe a fair peace has no losers. Leaders have a great responsibility to safeguard the peace, strengthen stability and end conflicts and tensions in our region. We always endeavored to conduct a shuttle diplomacy to find solutions through dialogue. We adhere to this stance. We desire an end to bloodshed and tears in our region and the prevalence of peace in every inch of this region. All our efforts are focused on achieving this,” he said.
Israel’s recent strikes on a military base in Syria’s northwestern Idlib province and the use of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s image in an election poster by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s Likud party bearing the slogan “They want Netanyahu to lose” are seen by experts as signs of the growing political and strategic pressure Netanyahu is facing.
“The circumstantial aspect of the issue is that, as Israel heads into an election period, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s main concern is finding a new political target,” Gökhan Çınkara, an associate professor at Necmettin Erbakan University and director of the Global and Regional Studies Center, told Daily Sabah.
“This was already evident in the campaign poster he used for the election,” he said, adding that the decline in support for Netanyahu’s Likud party could be seen as another indication of the pressure he faces.
As Israel’s Oct. 27 elections approach, political parties have stepped up their campaigning.
A new election poster displayed by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s Likud party on a billboard in Tel Aviv features images of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan alongside Iranian leader Mojtaba Khamenei, Hezbollah Secretary-General Naim Qassem and New York Mayor Zohran Mamdani.
“They want Netanyahu to lose. Don’t let them win,” as seen in the poster.
The campaign comes amid an increase in rhetoric targeting Türkiye and President Erdoğan by Israeli politicians ahead of the Oct. 27 vote.
Çınkara also remarked that Netanyahu’s political predicament and lack of a clear policy agenda has led him to target figures such as New York Mayor Zohran Mamdani and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in an effort to consolidate his electoral base.
Alongside Netanyahu’s campaign move involving Erdoğan, diplomatic pressure on Tel Aviv is also mounting over the war in Gaza. On Tuesday, Jared Kushner, U.S. President Donald Trump’s son-in-law and special envoy, met Netanyahu to discuss efforts toward a cease-fire in Gaza.
The talks, which lasted about four hours, focused on obstacles to a cease-fire and arrangements for the postwar period. According to U.S. media reports, Kushner urged Netanyahu not to obstruct efforts to reach a cease-fire agreement.
Ufuk Necat Taşçı, assistant professor of International Relations at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University also noted that Israel entered the conflict with Iran on the basis of flawed intelligence assessments, while largely failing to achieve its main objectives.
He pointed to factors including Gadi Eisenkot’s growing political prominence and internal divisions within Netanyahu’s Likud party as signs of mounting domestic pressure.
As Kushner met Netanyahu, Trump also made remarks on Gaza, pointing to Hamas’ decision to lay down its arms.
“Israel should stop bombing Gaza,” Trump said.
Trump also stated it would not be appropriate for him to become directly involved in Israel’s Oct. 27 elections, though he said he could endorse a candidate.
Furthermore, Merve Suna Özel Özcan, associate professor and the vice chair of the International Relations Department at Kırıkkale University, said anti-Türkiye rhetoric is increasingly being used as a tool for electoral mobilization in Israel, with President Erdoğan portrayed not only as a regional rival but also as an external threat that could help Netanyahu rally support and bolster his political position.
She noted that portraying Türkiye as a potential security threat is not a new development in Israel, pointing to the Nagel Committee report, which had previously raised concerns over Ankara’s growing regional influence, particularly in Syria.
“Against this backdrop, Erdoğan’s appearance in Israeli election propaganda and the targeting of potential Turkish military capabilities in Syria should not be viewed as developments that emerged overnight,” the expert said. “Rather, they are the political and military manifestations of a threat narrative that has been developing for some time.”
Recently, Haaretz, an Israeli newspaper known for its criticism of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government, published an analysis arguing that Netanyahu has portrayed Türkiye as a major threat in an apparent effort to gain an electoral advantage while also examining Ankara’s bid to acquire F-35 fighter jets from the United States.
The analysis recalled that President Erdoğan and U.S. President Trump projected a warm rapport during the NATO summit in Ankara and that Washington signaled openness to a potential F-35 sale to Türkiye. It said those developments have been met with growing concern within both the Israeli government and the Israeli public, stating: “The election is approaching, and the ‘Mr. Security’ campaign has begun. In a calculated move, Benjamin Netanyahu last week launched a blitz of interviews, phone calls and statements in an attempt to block the sale of F-35 jets to Türkiye.”
Özcan offered that the changing regional environment following the Mecca Agreement should also be taken into consideration, while cautioning against portraying the agreement as an anti-Israel alliance.
All three countries support a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict based on the 1967 borders, the expert noted.
“From Israel’s perspective, therefore, the issue is not simply the emergence of another military mechanism, but the possibility that regional powers are beginning to build their own security and stability architecture,” she emphasized.
In an interview with the UAE-based The National, Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan last month discussed tensions between Türkiye and Israel, as well as the Israeli government’s regional policies.
Fidan said there was no reason for a direct confrontation between Türkiye and Israel, arguing that Netanyahu has increasingly resorted to hostile rhetoric as he seeks a new political adversary ahead of the country’s upcoming elections.
Aylin Ünver Noi, professor of International Relations and Vice Rector of Beykoz University, indicated that “This should be viewed as an attempt to group together figures who oppose Israel’s regional policies, particularly its policies toward Hamas and the Palestinians.”
Whether the strategy will prove effective remains uncertain, she said, but the choice of figures featured in the campaign is significant because they have been associated with opposition to Israeli policies on the Palestinian issue.
“Türkiye and, in this context, the New York mayor should also be assessed from this perspective,” the expert added.
New York Mayor Zohran Mamdani said last month that the city cannot enforce the international arrest warrant for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, but called on the federal government to act.
In the video, Mamdani described the Israeli prime minister as a “war criminal” and said he is not welcome in New York City.
“It is clear that we do not have the independent legal authority to enforce this warrant,” he said in a video posted on X. “The federal government, however, does and I call on them to join the ICC and execute this warrant,” he added, referring to the International Criminal Court.
Noi also described Türkiye’s broader foreign policy as focused on promoting regional and international stability and peace, pointing to Ankara’s diplomatic engagement in several conflict zones stretching from the Balkans and the South Caucasus to conflicts in Africa.
Israel, aggression in Syria
Israel has been carrying out incursions into Syrian territory since the December 2024 since the overthrow of the ousted Bashar Assad regime, including sending troops into a U.N.-patrolled buffer zone that separated Israeli and Syrian forces in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights since 1974.
Israel, on Tuesday, carried out airstrikes on the Abu al-Duhur Military Air Base in Syria’s northwestern Idlib province, drawing attention from both Türkiye and regional countries.
Özcan stated that Israel’s latest strike in Syria should also be assessed within this broader context, arguing that the targeting of Abu al-Duhur Air Base could reflect Israeli concerns over Türkiye’s potential future military capabilities in the country.
“Although the base has remained largely inactive for some time, its potential future use by Türkiye suggests that Israel is concerned not only about existing threats but also about capabilities that could emerge in the future,” she said.
In a statement issued Aug. 18, the Foreign Ministry of Türkiye condemned the Israeli forces that carried out airstrikes on the military facility, located in the Idlib countryside, in the early hours of Tuesday.
“We strongly condemn the airstrikes carried out by Israel early this morning against the Abu al-Duhur Military Air Base in the countryside of Syria’s Idlib,” the ministry said.
The ministry criticized Israel for “recklessly” continuing attacks targeting Syria’s infrastructure and capabilities while violating the country’s territorial integrity and unity.
Ankara also urged the international community to take a firmer stance against Israel’s increasingly aggressive actions in Syria.
Çınkara also added that another key issue for Israel since the Oct. 7 attacks has been how to restore its eroded deterrence.
“Against this backdrop, Israel tends to perceive virtually any military activity in the region as a potential threat,” he underlined. “This has become one of the main factors driving Israel’s increasingly aggressive military posture in places such as Lebanon and Syria.”
Meanwhile, Presidential Communications Director Burhanettin Duran also strongly condemned the Israeli airstrike on the Abu al-Duhur Military Air Base.
“These attacks targeting Syria’s sovereignty, territorial integrity and infrastructure are a continuation of a reckless policy of aggression that threatens regional peace and stability,” Duran noted.
He said that Türkiye, under the leadership of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, would continue to support Syria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and oppose any attempt that threatens peace and stability in the region.
“Israel does not want a strong, unitary state on its border because it perceives such a state as a potential security threat,” Noi argued.
She also said the latest Israeli strikes should also be assessed against efforts to rehabilitate Syrian military infrastructure and Türkiye’s close relations with the new Syrian authorities.
“Türkiye has a fundamentally different approach,” Noi stressed. “Ankara wants to see a strong, unitary Syrian state and seeks to ensure its own security through stable relations with its neighbors.”
Türkiye’s broader regional policy is based on having stable and capable states along its borders and developing cooperative relations with them, according to her.
U.S. special envoy for Syria Tom Barrack said Thursday that Washington is working to establish a deconfliction mechanism among Israel, Türkiye and Syria following an Israeli strike on a Syrian air base near the Turkish border.
Referring to the possibility of a Turkish military response, Barrack said Türkiye, after observing aircraft heading toward its territory, may have “understandably prepared to respond.”
Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan held separate phone calls Tuesday with Qatari Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani and Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad Hassan al-Shaibani, diplomatic sources said.
Fidan and his Qatari counterpart discussed the situation in the Strait of Hormuz, according to the sources.
In a separate call with al-Shaibani, Fidan discussed the latest developments in the region.
The calls came amid heightened attention on regional developments and the situation surrounding the strategically important Strait of Hormuz.
Fidan met with his Qatari counterpart, Qatar’s Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, on July 19, a few days after President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s visit to the country to extend condolences for the late emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani.
Türkiye and Qatar have steadily deepened their strategic partnership since establishing it in 2014 through high-level exchanges and bilateral agreements spanning a wide range of fields.
On the other hand, Fidan hosted his Syrian counterpart, Asaad Hassan al-Shaibani, in Ankara on July 6 as the two neighboring countries continue to deepen relations following the collapse of the Baathist regime in 2024.
Regarding the U.S.-Israel-Iran war, Syria’s top diplomat stressed that the fighting in the region should come to an end as soon as possible. He noted that the regional tensions were also affecting Syria and said Damascus condemned Iran’s attacks against the Gulf countries.
Civil society groups supporting Palestinians will hold simultaneous events in more than 17 countries on Wednesday to call for greater humanitarian access to Gaza as the world marks World Humanitarian Day.
The global initiative, called the “Voice of Humanity,” will take place across five continents on Aug. 19, according to Osman Nuri Kabaktepe, head of the Palestine Support Platform, one of the organizations participating in the campaign.
Speaking at a news conference in Istanbul, Kabaktepe called on the public to support the initiative, saying access to food, medicine, shelter and healthcare should be regarded as a fundamental right rather than a concession.
“We are talking about a right, not a favor,” Kabaktepe noted, arguing that restrictions on humanitarian assistance have left civilians in Gaza struggling to obtain essential supplies.
Kabaktepe said tens of thousands of civilians have been killed during Israel’s military campaign in Gaza and that children, women, patients and other vulnerable people continue to face difficulties accessing food and medical supplies.
He also accused Israel of failing to comply with provisions on humanitarian assistance under a cease-fire agreement, saying the arrangement envisaged the entry of at least 600 aid trucks into Gaza each day.
Kabaktepe called for the establishment of a humanitarian corridor and urged international organizations and institutions to work to ensure the delivery of aid into the Palestinian enclave.
As part of Wednesday’s campaign, supporters in Istanbul are expected to gather at Üsküdar Square at 6:30 p.m. local time.
Organizers will call for humanitarian assistance to be kept separate from political negotiations and for restrictions on aid deliveries to Gaza to be lifted.
“Humanitarian aid cannot be a matter of negotiation,” Kabaktepe underlined.
He urged international organizations and governments to increase efforts to secure humanitarian access to Gaza.
World Humanitarian Day is observed annually on Aug. 19 to recognize humanitarian workers and people affected by crises around the world.
Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan and his Iranian counterpart Abbas Araghchi discussed efforts to reopen the Strait of Hormuz and preserve the cease-fire in a phone call Monday, Turkish diplomatic sources said.
The two ministers reviewed the latest developments in ongoing negotiations concerning the reopening of the strategic waterway and the continuation of the cease-fire, according to the sources.
The two top diplomats spoke amid ongoing tensions in the region, with suspected Iranian drones targeting Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) Prime Minister Masrour Barzani’s office in Irbil on Monday.
Meanwhile, Fidan also held separate phone calls with Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) President Nechirvan Barzani and KRG Prime Minister Masrour Barzani on Monday, Foreign Ministry sources said. The talks focused on the latest developments in the region, the sources added.
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan congratulated newly appointed British Prime Minister Andy Burnham during a phone call Monday, as the two leaders pledged to deepen the strategic partnership between Türkiye and the United Kingdom, particularly in defense, security, trade and investment.
Erdoğan and Burnham discussed bilateral relations as well as regional and global developments, according to a statement on the call.
Erdoğan congratulated Burnham on assuming his new post and expressed confidence that relations between Ankara and London would reach new heights in the coming period.
The president highlighted the significant progress Türkiye and the U.K. have made in cooperation across a broad range of areas, particularly in the defense industry.
He also underscored the importance of the Strategic Partnership Framework Document and the Security and Defense Partnership Document signed by the two countries, describing them as key instruments for strengthening bilateral cooperation.
Erdoğan said Ankara and London would continue working together to increase bilateral trade volume and achieve their shared objectives in investment, while building on the growing strategic partnership between the two NATO allies.
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and U.S. President Donald Trump discussed Türkiye-U.S. ties and pressing regional and global developments in a phone call, with the Turkish leader stressing the need to maximize diplomatic efforts to ease tensions between Washington and Tehran.
Erdoğan told Trump that Türkiye hoped negotiations between Iran and the United States would continue, emphasizing that Ankara would maintain its support for efforts aimed at securing peace, according to a statement from the Presidential Communications Directorate.
The president also highlighted the joint defense agreement signed by Türkiye, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, saying the pact demonstrated a strong commitment to ensuring regional stability and security.
Turning to Gaza, Erdoğan warned that Israeli actions targeting Palestinians had intensified at a time when efforts were focused on advancing to the second phase of the Gaza peace process.
He reiterated that Türkiye would continue supporting steps toward lasting peace in the region as well as efforts to rebuild the war-ravaged Gaza Strip.
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