Politics
Türkiye commemorates Muslim Turks killed in 1821 Tripolitsa massacre
Türkiye’s Foreign Ministry on Wednesday commemorated Muslim Turkish civilians killed in the Peloponnese (Mora) during the Greek War of Independence, marking the 205th anniversary of the 1821 Tripolitsa massacre.
In a statement shared on social media, the ministry said Muslim Turks living in the Peloponnese were systematically killed between 1821 and 1830 and that the violence was accompanied by the destruction of religious and cultural sites.
“This policy of extermination was accompanied by planned destruction and devastation extending from places of worship and madrasas to cemeteries and other elements of cultural heritage,” the ministry noted.
“On the 205th anniversary of the Tripolitsa massacre, we commemorate with mercy the Muslim Turkish civilian population who were brutally killed.”
On Sept. 23, 1821, Tripolitsa was captured by Greek revolutionary forces during the uprising against Ottoman rule, in which tens of thousands of Turks were killed.
In the early 19th century, Muslim Turks made up a large part of the population of Tripolitsa in the Peloponnese. Turks, Greeks and Jews lived in the city, where communities of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds had coexisted for centuries.
Tripolitsa was also home to many migrants who had arrived from Rumelia.
Earlier Greek uprisings against Ottoman rule had failed, but the revolt in the Peloponnese spread rapidly with support from European powers.
The Greek War of Independence, which ultimately led to Greece’s separation from the Ottoman Empire, resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of people between 1821 and 1829.
Of the approximately 90,000 Turks who were living in the Peloponnese as of April 1821, the majority were killed by insurgents, while only a small number survived the violence.
Theodoros Kolokotronis, one of the Greek insurgent leaders who played a prominent role in the violence in the Peloponnese, came to be regarded as a national hero in Greece, with statues in his honor across the country.
Yüksel Özgen, former head of the Turkish Historical Society (TTK), described the Tripolitsa massacre as more than an uprising, saying it was aimed at eliminating the Turkish and Muslim population.
“The Greek uprising, which went down in history with the Tripolitsa massacre, was not merely a revolt but a brutal campaign aimed at uprooting the Turkish and Muslim population,” Özgen said.
He described the events as an early example of a broader pattern of ethnic cleansing that continued in Thrace, the Black Sea region and parts of Anatolia in subsequent years.
Özgen also noted that violence carried out by the Greek army and armed Greek groups in western Anatolia, Thrace and the Black Sea region between 1919 and 1922 caused extensive and lasting destruction.
He cited the burning of mosques and villages and the mistreatment of civilians, describing the period as one that left deep wounds not only on Turkish society but on “the conscience of humanity.”
A study by Istanbul University history professor Ali Fuat Örenç, published by the TTK, said Tripolitsa, like Monemvasia and Navarino, was besieged by Greek insurgents during the uprising in the Peloponnese.
By late September, residents of Tripolitsa had been devastated by hunger, thirst and disease, according to the study.
“Hundreds of people were dying of starvation every day. Homes and streets in the city were filled with bodies awaiting burial. As if these hardships were not enough, the insurgents intensified their bombardment of the city,” the study said.
The study also said women, infants and children were among those killed by Greek armed groups after the city fell.
It said the violence extended to a Turkish cemetery, where graves were reportedly opened and human remains removed and burned.
The city was extensively looted, while numerous Turkish women and children were taken captive and divided among members of the armed groups, according to the study. Families of senior Ottoman administrators in the city were also reportedly held for ransom.
The study cited the memoirs of Kolokotronis to illustrate the scale of the killings in Tripolitsa. According to the account, Kolokotronis recalled that after entering the city, his horse’s hooves did not touch the ground as he rode toward the government building because the streets were covered with bodies.
Earlier this year, Türkiye’s Foreign Ministry also referred to the 1821 Tripolitsa killings while responding to Greek commemorations concerning the Ottoman period, calling on Athens to address violence committed against Turks and other ethnic communities while approaching historical disputes in a way that supports peaceful bilateral relations.
As the international community watched world leaders deliver their speeches at the United Nations General Assembly, speeches discussing various regional and international issues, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s speech once again focused on one common theme: raising his voice for the oppressed, calling for just solutions to conflicts, and highlighting the urgent need for reform of the U.N. system.
Addressing the 81st session of the General Assembly, Erdoğan criticized double standards in the international system and international law, saying Türkiye would continue to speak out for people affected by conflicts and injustice.
“We may endure hardships, we may pay a price, but we will not remain silent in the face of injustice and we will never consent to oppression,” Erdoğan underlined.
The Turkish president cited conflicts stretching from Gaza and Ukraine to Myanmar, Darfur, Iran and Lebanon, saying hundreds of thousands of people had been killed and many more displaced.
Support for Palestinian state
He devoted a significant portion of his address to Gaza, where he criticized Israel’s military campaign and drew attention to the toll on children and other civilians.
Describing the humanitarian situation in Gaza in stark terms, Erdoğan said the enclave had become not only “the world’s largest graveyard for children” but also the place with the highest rate of child amputees due to Israel’s genocidal attacks.
He said more than 74,000 Palestinians, most of them women and children, had been killed in Gaza over the past three years and that more than 70% of generators at hospitals in the enclave were out of service because of fuel shortages.
The president noted that Israel killed more than 1,500 Palestinians even after a cease-fire was reached through the efforts of U.S. President Donald Trump and contributions from Türkiye and other countries.
“This is not a personal issue for Tayyip Erdoğan. It is a matter of humanity,” he stressed. “No one with humanity in their heart, with compassion and mercy, and with a sense of fairness and conscience can turn a blind eye to this tragedy.”
Erdoğan also described Gaza as “the most inhumane and shameful concentration camp of our time” and slammed Israel for pursuing a “genocidal mentality with an insatiable appetite for killing.”
Saying Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas was unable to attend the gathering for a second consecutive year, he pledged that Türkiye would continue to raise the Palestinian people’s voice from the U.N. podium.
“This injustice against our Palestinian brothers and sisters deeply wounds our conscience,” Erdoğan noted. “Just as last year, this year we will be the voice of a free and sovereign Palestinian state.”
He also called on countries that have yet to recognize Palestine to reconsider their position.
Turning to the occupied West Bank and Jerusalem, Erdoğan said the West Bank was experiencing its worst period of Israeli illegal settler violence and criticized Israeli authorities for restricting Muslim and Christian access to holy sites in Jerusalem.
Erdoğan urged countries gathered at the U.N. to increase pressure on Israel and reiterated Türkiye’s support for a two-state solution.
“I call on you to exert greater pressure on Israel. Attempts to suffocate Palestine will fail,” Erdoğan said.
“God willing, we will see the day when an independent and territorially contiguous Palestinian state, based on the 1967 borders and with East Jerusalem as its capital, becomes a reality.”
Peace efforts for Ukraine
The talks also covered tensions involving Ukraine and Iran, with Erdoğan emphasizing the need for de-escalation and continued diplomacy.
Türkiye has sought to maintain diplomatic channels during the Russia-Ukraine war and has repeatedly offered to facilitate negotiations between the sides.
Erdoğan also raised concerns about navigation in the Black Sea, saying Türkiye expected the parties to act responsibly and was troubled by attacks targeting Turkish and foreign commercial vessels.
The Turkish president further reiterated his position on Cyprus during the talks, saying proposals that did not recognize the sovereign equality and equal international status of Turkish Cypriots would not produce a lasting solution.
Iran, Gulf diplomacy
On developments surrounding the Strait of Hormuz, Erdoğan said a process emerging from within the region could help advance efforts to reduce tensions.
Following his General Assembly address, he held a series of diplomatic meetings in New York and attended a summit bringing together U.S. President Donald Trump and leaders from Gulf countries.
Speaking to reporters afterward, Erdoğan said Türkiye was working to address tensions in the Gulf and hoped the diplomatic efforts would produce results soon.
“We attended this meeting, and hopefully we will reap the results of these efforts as soon as possible,” he stressed. “Through our efforts, we are trying to overcome the problems in the Gulf.”
Erdoğan later continued his meetings at the Turkish House, Türkiye’s diplomatic complex across from U.N. headquarters.
He met U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, with discussions focusing on regional and global developments.
Erdoğan said Türkiye and Guterres had worked closely on issues affecting international peace and security as the U.N. chief approached the end of his term.
Call for UN reform
Erdoğan also renewed his long-standing call for reform of the U.N. Security Council, arguing that the current structure does not adequately represent the broader international community.
“A structure in which the will of more than 190 countries depends on the discretion of five countries is neither fair nor capable of fully establishing trust,” he emphasized.
Erdoğan said the Security Council should be reformed in line with his frequently used phrase, “the world is bigger than five,” a reference to the five permanent members of the council, China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.
On the other hand, U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres also renewed calls for reform of the Security Council, saying its structure no longer reflects the realities of the 21st century and pointing in particular to Africa’s lack of permanent representation.
Guterres said the Security Council, designed in the aftermath of World War II, had failed to keep pace with changes in the international system.
“A 21st century Security Council without permanent African seats is unjust and indefensible,” Guterres underlined, adding that the situation “must change.”
Guterres, who took office as U.N. secretary-general in 2017, used his address to highlight conflicts and crises around the world, including Gaza, Ukraine and Sudan, while calling for greater adherence to international law and reforms to make global institutions more representative.
Meetings with Qatar, Britain, Japan
Erdoğan also met Qatari Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, with the two leaders discussing bilateral ties as well as regional and global developments.
The president said Türkiye and Qatar aimed to deepen cooperation in areas including investment, trade, energy and the defense industry.
He also highlighted the importance of energy and transportation corridors amid regional developments affecting energy supplies and called for greater international pressure to halt Israeli military actions in the region.
In a separate meeting with British Prime Minister Andy Burnham, Erdoğan discussed Türkiye-U.K. relations as well as Gaza, Iran, Ukraine, the Strait of Hormuz and Cyprus.
Erdoğan said bilateral relations were strengthening and that further steps in trade and the defense industry could deepen cooperation between the two countries.
Erdoğan later met Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, discussing opportunities to expand bilateral trade and cooperation in energy, infrastructure and the defense industry.
He also stressed the importance of reconstruction efforts in Syria, Gaza and Ukraine, which have been heavily affected by conflict.
Erdoğan invited Takaichi to attend the COP31 leaders’ summit scheduled to be held in Türkiye.
Further bilateral talks
Erdoğan’s diplomatic schedule also included meetings with Polish President Karol Nawrocki, Senegalese President Bassirou Diomaye Faye and Bangladeshi Prime Minister Tarique Rahman.
During talks with Nawrocki, Erdoğan called for measures to increase Türkiye-Poland trade and deepen cooperation, particularly in the defense industry.
He reiterated Türkiye’s efforts to help bring an end to the Russia-Ukraine war and emphasized the importance of maritime security in the Black Sea. Erdoğan also called for continued international backing for a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
In his meeting with Rahman, Erdoğan called for Türkiye-Bangladesh relations to be placed on a more institutional footing, including greater cooperation in the defense industry and steps to expand bilateral trade.
He also praised Bangladesh for hosting more than 1 million Rohingya Muslims and said Türkiye would continue humanitarian assistance in areas including shelter, education and infrastructure.
The series of meetings followed Erdoğan’s General Assembly address, in which the Turkish president sought to link Türkiye’s positions on conflicts with his broader call for reform of international institutions and a more representative global order.
U.S. President Donald Trump heaped praise on President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan during a meeting with Middle Eastern leaders, calling the Turkish president a “tough cookie” and warning that he was not someone to “mess around with.”
Speaking at the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) multilateral meeting with Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaid, President Erdoğan, King Abdullah II of Jordan, Qatar’s Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani and Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa, Trump singled out Erdoğan while addressing the gathering, which brought together leaders from Türkiye and several Arab countries, including Syria, Qatar, Jordan, Lebanon and Egypt.
“Including my friend right over here from Türkiye. He’s a tough cookie. You don’t mess around with him,” Trump said, referring to Erdoğan.
Trump then joked about whether his remarks would be translated accurately before continuing his praise of the Turkish president.
“I hope they translate this right. I hope we have a good translator, but he’s fantastic. He’s a fantastic guy,” Trump said, turning toward Erdoğan and calling him “my friend.”
The meeting came amid intensive diplomatic efforts to address mounting tensions and conflicts across the Middle East, particularly developments in the Gulf.
Speaking to reporters outside the Turkish House (Türkevi) in New York following the talks, Erdoğan said Türkiye and other regional countries were working to overcome the challenges facing the Gulf.
“That’s what we’re working on,” Erdoğan said when asked whether the meeting could produce a solution to the problems discussed.
“About eight countries took part in this meeting in an effort to overcome the difficulties in the Gulf as soon as possible. We will see the fruits and results of these efforts in the near future,” he added.
Erdoğan made the remarks after a packed day of diplomacy in New York, where he addressed the 81st session of the U.N. General Assembly and held a series of bilateral and multilateral meetings with world leaders.
The talks formed part of broader diplomatic efforts among Türkiye, the United States and regional countries to ease tensions and seek solutions to conflicts across the Middle East.
In New York to attend the U.N. General Assembly, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was also the top guest of the “100 Years of Friendship Gala,” organized by the Turkish-American business world to highlight the relations between Türkiye and the United States.
Erdoğan said at the event on Monday that conflicts, wars and crises facing the region and the world require Türkiye and the U.S. to remain in close dialogue, stressing the need for “new momentum” in ties between the two NATO allies.
“Thanks to the dialogue and coordination we have established with America, we are achieving positive results for our countries on many issues whose global issues we are witnessing, particularly in the Middle East, but also from Africa to Asia,” he said. “We are determined to continue this by redoubling our efforts in the coming period.” Erdoğan said Türkiye and the U.S. have made significant progress across their relationship, citing his “sincere and exceptional dialogue” with U.S. President Donald Trump and Trump’s visit to Ankara in July.
He said Türkiye is ready to advance cooperation with the U.S. in areas including nuclear energy, liquefied natural gas (LNG), civil aviation and high technology. Hours later, Türkiye announced it signed a new deal for nuclear cooperation covering small modular reactors (SMRs) and fourth-generation reactor designs. The deal was signed between Türkiye Nuclear Energy Inc. (TÜNAŞ) and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA).
“Developing the defense industry, traditionally one of the strongest areas of our partnership, both bilaterally and within NATO is essential,” he said. “We want to leave behind the barriers that should never have existed between two allies and gain new momentum.” “Deepening our cooperation with the United States in a multidimensional manner, including opportunities for joint production, will be in our mutual interest,” he said.
Erdoğan said Turkish companies have reached a level that enables them to invest in the U.S., expressing confidence that Türkiye will soon rank among the world’s top 10 defense exporters. “Twenty years ago, we exported only $248 million worth of defense products annually. Today, we have reached a level of more than $10 billion in defense exports,” he said. He added that Türkiye’s share of global defense equipment exports had increased by more than 120% compared with five years ago. “I hope that the strong ties between Türkiye and the United States and the bonds of alliance will grow even stronger in the second century of our diplomatic relations,” he said.
‘Island of stability’
The president also said that Türkiye has maintained and strengthened its position as an “island of stability” despite the crises and conflicts surrounding it.
He noted that foreign direct investment attracted by Türkiye over the past 24 years had approached $300 billion. He also cited reconstruction efforts following the 2023 earthquakes, saying more than 455,000 homes had been completed and handed over to earthquake victims within about three years.
Erdoğan said the figures demonstrated the resilience of the Turkish economy and called on investors to take advantage of opportunities in the country. “We are now launching a new investment drive on this strong foundation,” he said. He said an investment program announced in April introduced one of the world’s most competitive incentive packages, including reducing the corporate tax rate for investors from 25% to 12.5%. “We tell investors: ‘Come and manage your operations from Türkiye,’” he said.
Erdoğan called on the U.S.-Türkiye Business Council and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce to continue encouraging American investors to take advantage of opportunities in Türkiye.
Speaking at the same event, U.S. Senator Chris Coons highlighted the longstanding partnership between Türkiye and the United States, saying business ties and entrepreneurship have helped strengthen relations between the two countries. He described the relations between the two countries as a “hundred years of deep and meaningful partnership and friendship, cemented by business.”
Referring to his recent visit to Ankara for the NATO summit, Coons highlighted the countries’ longstanding NATO alliance, noting that Türkiye and the U.S. will mark 75 years as NATO treaty allies next year.
Speaking about the important contributions made by Turkish businesspeople operating in the U.S., Coons said the NATO summit held in Ankara also played a particularly important role for the future of the alliance.
The “100 Years of Friendship Gala,” organized by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the U.S.-Türkiye Business Council (USTBC) and hosted by Council Chair Hamdi Ulukaya in New York, was attended by Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan, Treasury and Finance Minister Mehmet Şimşek, Trade Minister Ömer Bolat, Energy and Natural Resources Minister Alparslan Bayraktar, Industry and Technology Minister Mehmet Fatih Kacır, Health Minister Kemal Memişoğlu and Family and Social Services Minister Mahinur Özdemir Göktaş. The event was also attended by Mehmet Öz, administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, as well as numerous senior U.S. officials and members of Congress.
Turkish Cypriot leader Tufan Erhürman said Tuesday that he wants any renewed negotiations over the divided island to be geared toward reaching a settlement, as he prepares for talks with senior U.N. officials in New York.
Erhürman is due to travel to New York on Wednesday for separate meetings with U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres and his Personal Envoy for Cyprus, María Ángela Holguín. The meetings are expected to focus on the next steps in efforts to revive negotiations over the long-running Cyprus dispute.
“We do not believe in holding a 5+1 meeting simply for the sake of holding one, nor negotiations simply for the sake of negotiations,” Erhürman noted.
“We want a 5+1 whose prospects of producing results have been secured in advance through meetings in Nicosia, and negotiations that, in line with our people’s will for a settlement, will lead us to a solution this time.”
The 5+1 format brings together the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot sides, guarantor countries Türkiye, Greece and Britain, and the United Nations.
Erhürman said meaningful progress would first be needed in three areas identified by Guterres; confidence-building measures, the methodology for negotiations and substantive issues.
Proposals under discussion include opening new crossing points between the two sides, demining, cooperation on disaster response and irregular migration, and establishing joint mechanisms involving sports and civil society.
The president noted the sides should make progress on such issues in Nicosia (Lefkoşa) before convening another expanded meeting, arguing that previous rounds of negotiations had failed to produce a settlement.
Guterres has also said more work is needed before another expanded meeting can be held and has cautioned against repeating mistakes made in previous efforts. Erhürman said the Turkish Cypriot side shares the U.N. chief’s emphasis on ensuring that any renewed process is structured differently.
No trilateral meeting involving Erhürman, Greek Cypriot leader Nikos Christodoulides and Guterres, or a new 5+1 meeting, is currently scheduled during the U.N. General Assembly period.
Greek Solution party leader Kyriakos Velopoulos used provocative language targeting Turks as he criticized Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ policy of easing tensions with Türkiye, according to a statement published by his party.
Velopoulos criticized the “calm waters” policy pursued by Athens and Ankara in recent years and accused Türkiye of making threats against Greece.
He used a derogatory Greek expression about Turks before pointing out that the action should be taken against them, “like Mongols did,” referring to Mongol invasion of present-day Türkiye. He then cited a statement he attributed to Napoleon Bonaparte, saying: “The Turks can be exterminated, but not conquered.”
The Greek Solution leader then presented the remark after saying there was “one solution” regarding Turks.
Velopoulos also attacked Mitsotakis’ approach toward Ankara, arguing that efforts to reduce tensions had failed to alter Türkiye’s policies. He described Turkish statements as “empty threats” and “chauvinism.”
His comments come amid renewed exchanges between political figures in Türkiye and Greece over longstanding disputes between the NATO allies.
Velopoulos has repeatedly criticized Mitsotakis over relations with Türkiye. In a separate statement on Sept. 18, he called on the Greek government to declare an exclusive economic zone with the Greek Cypriot administration and extend Greece’s territorial waters to 12 nautical miles.
Türkiye’s Foreign Ministry, meanwhile, responded on Sept. 14 to separate remarks from Greece, calling on Greek officials to act with “seriousness and common sense.”
Velopoulos’ latest remarks targeting Turks were not based solely on media reports. The comments appeared directly in a press statement published on the Greek Solution party’s official website on Sept. 21.
Moreover, the party leader has previously called for a wall to be built along the Türkiye-Greece border, saying: “We must plug the hole. A 6-meter wall should be built and a minefield laid along Turkish-Greek border to prevent infiltration.”
Velopoulos has also continued his racist rhetoric, having previously been recorded as saying: “I want a Christian Europe without Muslims.”
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan reiterated his call for reforms at the United Nations as he arrived in New York to attend the 81st General Assembly of the international body. In an article for Bloomberg titled “The Quest for Global Justice in a Changing World,” Erdoğan urged comprehensive reform of the U.N. Security Council, including the removal of the veto power held by its permanent members, arguing that the international system must better reflect today’s global realities.
The president said recent crises, including pandemics, energy shocks, supply chain disruptions and regional conflicts, had demonstrated the limits of leaving solutions to global challenges to the decisions of a handful of capitals. Stressing that global decision-making mechanisms must now adapt to today’s conditions, he said the UN Security Council continues to reflect the structure established after World War II.
Erdoğan said “a more effective, fair and accountable” system of representation was necessary and called for broader participation in global decision-making.
The Turkish leader has long pushed for reforms to the U.N., often using the slogan: “The world is bigger than five,” which refers to the Security Council’s unrepresentative membership. He said that the slogan should be understood as an appeal for a broader distribution of responsibility in the international system.
For years, the Council has faced claims that its five veto-wielding members, the U.S., the U.K., France, Russia and China, command disproportionate influence. “It is essential to turn the need for reform into a concrete roadmap,” Erdoğan said. “At the center of this roadmap should be the abolition of the veto privilege.”
He argued that simply adding new permanent members to the Security Council would not resolve the concentration of decision-making power in the hands of a small number of countries. According to Erdoğan, reform should instead be based on the principle that no country should have the permanent ability to block the will of the majority of the international community.
The president also called for a new balance between the U.N. Security Council and General Assembly. He proposed strengthening the powers of the General Assembly and creating a Security Council without permanent memberships, with council members elected by the General Assembly for fixed terms.
Under the approach outlined by Erdoğan, countries seeking another term would have to regain the confidence of a majority of General Assembly members through elections. “Representation and accountability of the Security Council before the General Assembly should be enhanced,” he said, arguing that the international order of the future could not be built by preserving the hierarchies of the past. “Developments over the last quarter century, which is a relatively short period in human history, have shown that no balance of power and no international order is permanent,” he said.
Erdoğan said new centers of power had emerged in areas ranging from the economy and security to technology and diplomacy, while international institutions had failed to adapt to these changes at the same pace. Wars, the climate crisis, irregular migration and economic vulnerabilities have underscored the importance of strong institutions, resilient economies and effective defense capabilities, he added.
The president pointed to the growing importance of secure and sustainable trade, logistics, transportation and energy corridors.
Erdoğan said Asia’s economic weight was increasing, while African countries were seeking stronger representation consistent with the continent’s potential.
He also said developing countries were increasingly voicing their own priorities and argued that regional problems could not always be resolved through methods determined from outside. “Approaches based on the will of the countries concerned, local conditions and common interests will produce more lasting and stable results,” Erdoğan said. He called for countries with the diplomatic capacity, economic resources and ability to communicate with different sides to assume “more active roles” in promoting peace and stability.
Erdoğan also addressed economic inequalities, saying expectations that globalization would broadly distribute prosperity had not been fully realized. He said income disparities had deepened, while technological and economic dependencies had become new areas of competition. “For global justice to be achieved under these changing circumstances, responsibilities must be shared fairly,” Erdoğan said, adding that developing countries’ right to development and access to the financing they need should be secured. He also argued that the international system must better account for changing economic and political realities across different regions.
The president said Türkiye would continue using its extensive international relations and experience in multilateral diplomacy to support efforts to reform the international system. “We support efforts to abolish the veto privilege, give elected members greater weight in decision-making processes and strengthen the role of the General Assembly,” he said. He said cooperation among countries from different regions around common principles would strengthen the legitimacy and representative capacity of the international system. “Permanent peace in today’s world cannot be achieved by multiplying blocs that are disconnected from one another and do not communicate with one another,” Erdoğan said. “For a more just world, we must bring together the experience, capacity and will of different regions on common ground.”
Erdoğan said Türkiye would continue to assume its responsibility in efforts to reform the international system, citing the country’s state tradition, diplomatic capacity and relations with different regions.
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