Politics
Türkiye’s expanding military reach boosts diplomatic clout, analysts say
Recently, discussions over the potential participation of the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) in a possible Gaza Task Force, coupled with ministry officials’ repeated emphasis that the TSK is “ready for duty anytime, anywhere,” have brought renewed attention to Türkiye’s previous and ongoing missions across the world.
“A country’s foreign policy is effective when its elements of national power are strong and act in coordination. Among these elements, military power serves as a source of deterrence and influence in external affairs. The scope and impact of a country’s foreign policy are often shaped by the effectiveness and reach of its military capability,” a professor and military strategist, Ali Fuat Gökçe told Daily Sabah.
Throughout the years, the TSK have operated alongside other militaries in a spirit of solidarity and coordination, carrying out cross-border operations and contributing to the success of NATO missions through training, discipline and modern equipment.
Gökçe stated that Türkiye has significantly bolstered its military capabilities in recent years through domestically developed defense systems, strengthening both its deterrent posture and its leverage in foreign policy across key regions, including Syria, the Caucasus, the Black Sea, the Eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea.
“In what Ankara considers strategically important, such as Somalia, Libya and tensions between Pakistan and India, Türkiye has increasingly emerged not as a passive participant in diplomatic processes, but as a proactive actor shaping negotiations and setting the agenda,” he adds.
The TSK has extensive experience in peace support and international missions across multiple regions serving under the mandates of the United Nations, NATO and other international frameworks, earning recognition for professionalism and impartiality.
“Having extensive experience in the establishment and preservation of peace, the Turkish Armed Forces stand ready for any duty to be assigned,” Defense Ministry officials reiterated several times.
Hüseyin Fazla, founder and director of STRASAM and a retired air force brigadier general, noted that: “Türkiye has expanded the profile of the TSK in peacekeeping and stabilization missions. In overseas deployments under NATO, including KFOR in Kosovo, the European Union’s EUFOR mission in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and United Nations mandates, Turkish forces have operated with increased situational awareness and modern armored vehicles such as the Kirpi and Vuran, enhancing both security and effectiveness in the field.”
Türkiye’s participation in peace support operations dates back to the Korean War in 1950 and has continued in various forms since. In Bosnia-Herzegovina, Turkish forces were deployed in 1994 under U.N. command and later continued their mission under NATO following the Dayton Peace Agreement. Turkish units were tasked with securing safe areas, supporting humanitarian efforts and helping maintain neutrality among Serb, Bosnian and Croat communities.
In Kosovo, Türkiye has participated in the NATO-led KFOR mission since 1999 under a U.N. Security Council mandate. Turkish forces have supported efforts to establish and maintain a safe and secure environment while also providing training assistance to Kosovo security structures.
While arguing the impacts of strong army capabilities, Gökçe also pointed out that “Despite U.S. President Donald Trump’s warning that tariffs would be increased on countries purchasing natural gas from Russia, Türkiye has faced no direct countermeasures for maintaining its energy ties with Moscow, which supplies more than 40% of its natural gas needs, and for remaining the only NATO member not to impose sanctions on Russia — a position in part to Ankara’s military strength and broader foreign policy leverage.”
Moreover, Fazla said: “In addition, the operational gains the Turkish Armed Forces have accumulated in overseas missions including cross-border operations in Syria and Iraq as part of counterterrorism efforts amount to a valuable reservoir of ‘know-how’ for allied countries, he said, the expanding body of experience and capabilities has positioned the military not only as a fighting force but increasingly as a center of excellence, with NATO allies turning to it for consultation.
“The adoption of Turkish military doctrine and equipment by foreign personnel trained by the TSK is viewed as playing a critical role in establishing long-term strategic ties between Türkiye and those nations,” he asserted, underlining that Turkish military deployments in Somalia and Qatar, along with advisory activities in Libya, contributed to the reshaping of those countries’ defense architectures.
In Libya, Türkiye has provided training and advisory support to forces aligned with the country’s internationally recognized government. The Turkish Parliament in December 2025 extended the mandate authorizing the deployment of Turkish troops in Libya for an additional two years. Ankara says its presence is based on formal agreements with Libyan authorities and aims to contribute to stability and institutional restructuring.
On the other hand, Fazla also drew attention to the soft power through military channels, noting that at Türkiye’s largest overseas military base, TURKSOM, Somali forces’ elite “Gorgor” commando units have been trained to combat the al-Shabab militant group, while Somali officers and noncommissioned officers receive instruction in Turkish and are educated in line with Turkish military doctrine.
“This process lays the groundwork for a decadeslong alignment in strategic thinking between the Somali Armed Forces’ command structure and the Turkish military, he asserted.
Remarking on the modernization of the defense industry and the correlation between operational and political aims, Fazla indicated that the Turkish navy’s presence on the high seas, including counterpiracy operations off the coast of Somalia and escort missions for seismic research vessels in the Eastern Mediterranean, has enabled Ankara to safeguard its maritime interests not only through diplomatic démarches but through a tangible operational presence.
According to Fazla, “Türkiye’s deployment of an air defense umbrella around Tripoli and the strategic al-Watiya Air Base in Libya was widely described as a landmark demonstration of capability, marking the first time a NATO army established a layered air defense network in the field against Russian- and Chinese-origin aerial platforms, a move that drew attention from allied capitals.”
“Rather than merely showing the flag, Turkish forces now deploy to shape regional dynamics, train and in many cases help restructure host nation militaries, and actively demonstrate domestically produced defense systems in the field,” he concluded.
In addition to ongoing missions in multiple regions, Türkiye has also conducted numerous cross-border operations against the PKK terrorist group and its Syrian branch, the YPG.
The cross-border operations conducted with Iraq’s consent, while others have been justified under the right of hot pursuit and self-defense, including within the framework of a 1984 bilateral security agreement. Since the early 1990s, Ankara has launched a series of operations in northern Iraq – from Operation Steel and Operation Sun to the ongoing Claw operations that began in 2018.
Cross-border campaigns later expanded into northern Syria, including Operations Euphrates Shield, Olive Branch, Peace Spring and Spring Shield between 2015 and 2020.
Following Türkiye’s operations in Syria, the country has started a historic opportunity after the fall of the Assad regime with the new government of President Ahmad al-Sharaa.
Ankara has campaigned for the removal of terrorist groups from its southern border for a long time, accusing foreign powers of giving them room in Syria.
Most recently, NATO stages its biggest exercise this year in Germany, with some 10,000 personnel from 11 countries. Türkiye, which has the defense body’s second-largest army, dispatched 2,000 personnel for Steadfast Dart 2026, which began last week. The exercise, which will continue until Feb. 20, aims to showcase NATO’s ability to deploy rapidly and conduct complex operations, the body said in a statement earlier this month.
It is the first time that Türkiye sent so many troops to Northern Europe, though the country is a major component of NATO at a time of heightened defense worries in Europe.
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Hungary’s incoming Prime Minister Peter Magyar discussed the future of bilateral ties and regional and global issues in a phone call, Türkiye’s Communications Directorate said Tuesday.
The leaders reviewed bilateral ties, with Erdoğan stating that relations between the two countries draw strength from “our shared history and culture,” according to a statement by the directorate.
He expressed confidence that cooperation between Türkiye and Hungary, both bilaterally and on international platforms, will advance further in the coming days.
Erdoğan also emphasized the importance of strengthening their existing strategic partnership.
He said the two countries aim to deepen cooperation and highlighted that their NATO alliance, which both countries are members of, contributes to “regional and global peace.”
During the call, Erdoğan also congratulated Magyar on his success in Sunday’s elections.
After Magyar’s Tisza party took a wide lead over incumbent Viktor Orban in Sunday’s elections, according to election officials, Orban conceded defeat, saying: “We will serve our nation from the opposition.”
Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan on Wednesday held phone calls with Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty and Iraq’s Fouad Hussain.
Sources from the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in the call with Abdelatty, Fidan discussed developments in the U.S.-Iran cease-fire negotiations. The conversation focused on the current state of cease-fire talks and preparations for another round of negotiations in the coming days.
The two ministers exchanged views on the negotiation process and the agenda expected to be addressed in future discussions, as diplomatic efforts continue to secure a lasting cease-fire in the Middle East.
With Hussain, Fidan discussed bilateral ties and regional developments, sources said. Fidan on Monday hailed the “sincerity” of the U.S. and Iran on achieving a cease-fire. However, he warned that Israel may disrupt the process. Fidan also pointed out Israel’s emerging “state strategy” of finding “new enemies” in the region, such as Türkiye. The minister has been at the forefront of Türkiye’s peace diplomacy, contacting relevant parties to achieve a cease-fire in the US-Israel-Iran war.
Türkiye’s top diplomat led a diplomatic blitz by Ankara to mediate the conflict. This week, he will attend a quadrilateral meeting with foreign ministers of Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan on the margins of the Antalya Diplomacy Forum in southern Türkiye.
Syria’s president met with a top commander of the U.S.-backed YPG terrorist group on Tuesday as part of ongoing talks aimed at integrating the group into state institutions, an official announced.
Ahmed al-Hilali, a senior Syrian official and spokesperson for the integration process, said a series of meetings were held in Damascus between President Ahmed al-Sharaa and Syrian officials on one side, and YPG leader Ferhat Abdi Şahin, code-named Mazloum Kobani, on the other.
Al-Hilali told Syria TV that the discussions focused on the latest developments in an agreement reached between the government and the YPG, as well as steps to advance the integration process.
He said Şahin is also expected to hold separate meetings with al-Sharaa and Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani to review progress, assess challenges and outline the next phase of implementation.
A further meeting between Şahin and presidential envoy Ziad al-Ayesh is also anticipated, though no details about the agenda were disclosed.
“The outcomes of these meetings are expected to accelerate efforts on the ground, particularly in Hassakeh province, where implementation of the agreement is ongoing,” he said.
Previous talks
The latest round of talks follows earlier meetings in early April between al-Ayesh and Abdi in Hassakeh, where the two sides discussed mechanisms for integrating YPG structures into state institutions.
Those discussions also addressed plans to release detainees and transfer control of YPG-run prisons to the Syrian government. In addition, both sides reviewed measures aimed at improving security conditions, including efforts to curb violations attributed to armed groups operating in the region.
The negotiations are part of a Jan. 29 agreement between Damascus and the YPG that includes provisions for the return of displaced people to their homes, as well as arrangements related to detention facilities and administrative integration.
The post-Baathist administration in Damascus moved against the YPG when the latter reneged on an earlier deal for integration into the Syrian army. On Jan. 16, the Syrian army launched an offensive against YPG-controlled areas in northeastern Syria. After days of the offensive, the YPG consented to sign a new deal with Damascus on integrating both “administrative” and “military” structures of the YPG to post-Assad Syria. The terrorist group agreed that Syrian security forces would be deployed in Hassakeh and Qamishli, two key areas occupied by the YPG.
The deal also stipulated a faster integration of armed members of the YPG into Syrian security forces and the creation of a division consisting of three brigades of the YPG.
The YPG, the Syrian wing of the PKK terrorist group, neither complied with Türkiye’s terror-free initiative for the disarmament of the PKK, nor with a March 2025 deal for integration with the Syrian security forces. Türkiye is a major supporter of post-Assad Syria and views the YPG as a threat to its own national security. Ankara has hinted that it may resort to a military option in Syria as it did in the past to thwart the YPG’s ambitions, but has repeatedly called for dialogue to resolve the dispute between the YPG and Damascus.
Parliament Speaker Numan Kurtulmuş said Wednesday that women disproportionately suffer the consequences of wars, migration and poverty, urging stronger female representation in political decision-making to build lasting peace.
Speaking at the Women Parliamentarians Forum held on the sidelines of the 152nd General Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union in Istanbul, Kurtulmuş said that in nearly every conflict zone around the world, women and children pay the highest price.
“From Gaza to other regions facing instability, the heaviest toll of what has reached the level of crimes against humanity is being borne by women and children,” he said, describing the humanitarian situation in Gaza as particularly severe.
Kurtulmuş said the current global landscape goes beyond ordinary crises, pointing instead to a deeper breakdown in the international system. He argued that multilateral mechanisms are losing effectiveness, while international law is increasingly applied selectively and global institutions are facing a decline in credibility.
He added that large-scale migration, poverty and social deprivation around the world also disproportionately affect women, many of whom are displaced or left without adequate protection. According to Kurtulmuş, these conditions are exacerbated by shrinking diplomatic channels and increasing pressure on human dignity.
The Turkish official also pointed to the underrepresentation of women in peace negotiations and political platforms, warning that this gap undermines the sustainability of peace efforts.
“This is not only a matter of representation,” he said. “It is a structural deficiency that delays the socialization of peace and weakens its permanence.”
Kurtulmuş stressed that empowering women should not be seen as a narrow issue of equality but as a broader requirement for democratic quality, inclusive governance and sustainable development. He said women’s participation in legislative, oversight and budgeting processes is essential for building more resilient and balanced societies.
He noted that global challenges such as economic downturns, conflict, income inequality and limited access to education deepen existing disparities for women. Addressing these issues, he said, is critical not only for social justice but also for long-term stability.
Kurtulmuş also highlighted violence against women as one of the most pressing aspects of the issue, calling for comprehensive responses grounded in legal, moral and political responsibility.
“Determination in combating violence against women is one of the clearest indicators of a society’s level of civilization,” he said.
He added that Türkiye considers women’s empowerment, family protection and social cohesion as strategic priorities, outlining ongoing efforts across education, employment and social support systems.
Kurtulmuş concluded by emphasizing that, beyond providing opportunities, governments must ensure fair conditions where women’s knowledge, experience and leadership can fully contribute to public life.
A report published on the BBC’s website on Tuesday claimed that the Greek authorities have turned to other migrants who took shelter in the country to illegally push back irregular migrants into Türkiye.
The Turkish-Greek border has been a hot spot for irregular migration. A large number of assorted groups of migrants, including those from Afghanistan, Syria, African countries, as well as Turkish nationals themselves, were intercepted on the border. As of April 9, official figures of intercepted irregular migrants are nearly 35,000.
“Pushback” is a controversial and illegal practice, but Greece has repeatedly engaged in it, according to reports by human rights organizations monitoring migrant flow into Greece that escalated in the past decade.
Many boatloads of migrants attempt to make the dangerous sea crossing to reach the Greek islands from the Turkish coast, hoping to eventually make their way to prosperous European Union countries.
Others attempt to enter Greece by crossing the Maritsa (Meriç) River that runs along the land border between the two countries.
While many make it to the EU, many others perish at sea or are pushed back by Greece into Turkish waters in violation of international law.
The BBC report says that the Greek police recruited migrants as mercenaries to push other migrants back across its land border with Türkiye. The report, based on witness accounts and other evidence, says migrants were stripped, robbed, beaten and in some cases, sexually assaulted. It also says those “mercenaries” were unofficially employed on the border since at least 2020. Those hired for pushbacks included migrants from Pakistan, Syria and Afghanistan, and in some cases, they were rewarded with cash and possessions looted from other irregular migrants, the report says, in addition to travel documents allowing them to travel across the country.
A recruited migrant who spoke to the BBC claimed that he was tasked with ferrying people back to Türkiye, checking migrant boats for punctures and burning belongings of migrants to destroy evidence of pushback.
Türkiye has intensified nationwide operations in recent years amid rising regional migration pressures.
Earlier this year, the Interior Ministry announced that 478 irregular migrants and 19 migrant smugglers were captured in nationwide inspections.
Police, gendarmerie, coast guard and border patrols joined forces for inspections in 81 provinces under the coordination of the General Directorate of Migration.
Work has begun to establish a Women’s Cooperation Council under the Organization of Turkic States (OTS), aiming to strengthen collaboration on women’s empowerment across member countries, Ankara’s Family and Social Services Minister Mahinur Özdemir Göktaş said Tuesday.
Göktaş made the remarks during a conference in Baku held on “Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA),” where Azerbaijan currently holds the 2024-2026 OTS chairmanship.
Speaking at a panel titled “Women Entrepreneurs in SMEs, Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Digitalization,” Göktaş said the global economy is undergoing a major transformation driven by digitalization and artificial intelligence, creating new opportunities for women’s participation in business and employment.
She said the proposed council would help foster “a common vision and collective will” among Turkic states, particularly in areas such as women’s entrepreneurship and labor force participation.
“The OTS Women’s Cooperation Council will become a strong regional organization that brings women together across our shared geography for a common future,” she said.
Göktaş also recalled that empowering women was among the key priorities discussed during the OTS social policy minister meeting held in Istanbul in 2024.
The event in Baku, hosted by Azerbaijan’s State Committee for Family, Women and Children Affairs, brought together senior officials and representatives from CICA member states.
Among attendees were Leyla Aliyeva, head of the IDEA Foundation, Uzbek Deputy Prime Minister Zulfiya Mahkamova and CICA Secretary-General Kairat Sarybay.
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