Economy
US Treasury chief touts coordination with Japan on FX moves
The U.S. and Japan maintain “constant and robust” coordination in tackling undesirable, excessively volatile currency moves, U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said on Tuesday after meeting his Japanese counterpart during a visit to Tokyo.
The remarks suggest Washington broadly consents to Japan’s recent round of yen-buying intervention aimed at propping up its sagging currency, which is inflicting pain on the economy by pushing up import costs.
“I was pleased to reaffirm the strong economic partnership between the United States and Japan,” Bessent said on X.
The comments came just hours after Japanese Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama told reporters the two had reaffirmed close efforts in tackling exchange rate moves, including currency intervention.
“The level of communication and coordination between our teams in addressing undesirable, excess volatility in currency markets continues to be constant and robust,” Bessent added.
The dollar rose to about 157.72 yen after Bessent’s remarks, which fell short of market expectations for stronger warnings on sharp declines in the yen, before dropping abruptly to 156.74 yen.
It was not immediately clear if the rise was due to intervention.
“Markets wanted to know whether there was no change in Bessent’s stance on Japan’s monetary policy,” said Yuji Saito, executive adviser to SBI FX Trade. “There was not much new for markets from Bessent’s comment on X.”
Japan’s response to currency moves in line with U.S. pact
Katayama said she confirmed with Bessent that Japan was responding to currency moves in line with a joint statement signed with the U.S. last September that allowed for foreign exchange intervention to combat excessive market volatility.
“Given current circumstances, we strongly confirmed anew the need to continue coordinating closely on market moves,” she said when asked whether Bessent had commented on recent suspected currency intervention by Japan to support the yen.
“We engaged in discussions on deepening our coordination on various fronts,” Katayama added, in response to a query whether “close coordination” meant that Washington could take the initiative in tackling sharp falls in the yen.
Silence on BOJ
Japanese policymakers are wagering that an endorsement from Bessent on their foray into the currency market could give their intervention some extra bite and help slow the yen’s slide.
Some analysts have also speculated that Bessent might renew his calls for speedier rate hikes by the Bank of Japan (BOJ) as a way to support the yen.
Katayama declined to comment when asked whether the meeting with Bessent touched on the BOJ’s monetary policy. Bessent has not made any comment yet on the BOJ.
BOJ Governor Kazuo Ueda returns to Tokyo on Wednesday from a visit to Switzerland for a meeting of the Bank for International Settlements. It is uncertain if Ueda will return in time to meet Bessent, who is set to wrap up his three-day visit that day.
With the war-induced oil price spike intensifying price pressures, some BOJ policymakers argued in April that rates may need to rise soon, with one flagging the chance of a June move, a summary of opinions at last month’s meeting showed.
Japan has also flagged the possibility of stepping into oil futures markets as it sees speculative surges in energy prices as a major driver of the yen’s weakness against the dollar, but Katayama clarified on Tuesday that it had taken no such step yet.
Bessent also met Ryosei Akazawa, Japan’s minister for economy, trade and industry, and agreed to strengthen ties in the fields of energy and critical minerals.
Economy
Türkiye targets $50B in distant markets exports by 2028
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on Friday announced a fresh increase in export financing, raising the annual limit for rediscount loans to TL5 billion while unveiling a target of boosting Türkiye’s exports to distant markets to $50 billion by 2028.
Speaking at the Turkish Exporters Assembly’s (TIM) 33rd Ordinary General Assembly and Export Champions Awards Ceremony in Istanbul, Erdoğan said the government would continue supporting exporters through expanded financing as Türkiye seeks to maintain its export-driven growth.
The president said the annual limit for rediscount loans, which had previously been raised from TL300 million to TL4.5 billion, would now increase to TL5 billion with an additional TL500 million in funding.
“We had previously raised the annual limit for rediscount loans from TL300 million to TL4.5 billion. With an additional TL500 million, we are increasing this figure to TL5 billion,” Erdoğan said.
He also announced that Türkiye aims to raise exports to distant countries to $50 billion by 2028, describing the target as part of Ankara’s broader strategy to diversify export markets and sustain economic momentum.
Erdoğan noted that Türkiye has recorded uninterrupted economic growth for 23 consecutive quarters, highlighting exports as one of the key drivers of that performance.
Congratulating companies and business leaders honored during the ceremony, Erdoğan said export success requires perseverance, determination and hard work, adding that he understands the challenges faced by exporters through his own background in trade.
Economy
Türkiye’s industrial product sales rise 27.7% in 2025
Sales from industrial goods manufactured in Türkiye reached 24.03 trillion Turkish liras ($608.3 billion) in 2025, the country’s statistical authority said Friday.
Türkiye produced 1.216 million automobiles, 8.329 million household refrigerators and freezers, 334 million tons of ready-mixed concrete, 1.266 million combi boilers, 9.557 million tons of detergents and washing preparations, and 774,970 motorcycles last year, according to annual industrial product statistics released by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat).
The total value of sales from products manufactured by enterprises climbed 27.7% year-on-year in 2025, up from TL 18.815 trillion in 2024 and TL 13.344 trillion in 2023.
Food industry products accounted for 15.5% of total sales, followed by basic metals at 10.2%, motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers at 9.7%, and fabricated metal products at 6.1%.
High-technology products made up 3.6% of the total sales value in manufacturing last year. Low- and medium-low-technology products together accounted for 67.5%, while medium-high-technology products had a 28.8% share.
By main industrial groups, intermediate goods accounted for the largest share of total sales at 43.8%, followed by non-durable consumer goods at 23.7% and capital goods at 21.8%.
In the manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers, the top five provinces accounted for 83.1% of total sales value. Kocaeli held the largest share at 34%, followed by Bursa at 29.8%, Sakarya at 11.8%, Aksaray at 3.9% and Izmir at 3.6%.
In contract manufacturing, clothing products accounted for 32.3% in manufacturing, followed by textile products at 17.6% and fabricated metal products at 9.3%.
Economy
Türkiye eyes stronger trade ties with Latin America, Caribbean
Türkiye was home to 688 companies funded by Latin American and Caribbean capital as of the end of 2025, with their capital investment stock in the country reaching $3.4 billion, Trade Minister Ömer Bolat said.
Speaking at a meeting with ambassadors of Latin American countries at the Trade Ministry on Thursday, Bolat offered condolences on behalf of the Turkish nation and government over the earthquake in Venezuela, saying Türkiye would stand by the country in search and rescue and other relief efforts.
Bolat said relations between Türkiye and Latin America had developed on the basis of mutual respect and a shared vision, adding that the “Latin America and the Caribbean Opening Policy,” launched in 1998 and updated in 2006, had begun to bear fruit.
Pointing to the significant increase in Türkiye’s diplomatic presence in the region in recent years, Bolat said: “We increased the number of our diplomatic missions from six in 2002 to 20 today. We have trade counselor offices in most countries in the region. Likewise, we are very pleased that Latin American countries have 18 embassies in Türkiye.”
Bolat said Türkiye and Latin American countries had signed important trade and political agreements over the past two decades, while direct flights from Türkiye to the region had also begun during this period.
He also highlighted aid carried out in the region by the Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TIKA), saying Turkish institutions had rapidly delivered assistance to the region during natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes.
Despite geopolitical risks and protectionist policies, Bolat said the Turkish economy had recorded positive growth for the past 23 quarters and ranked 16th in the world with an economy exceeding $1.1 trillion. He said Türkiye had introduced legal regulations to provide incentives to international investors.
Bolat noted that Türkiye had reduced the corporate tax rate for international investments from 25% to 12.5%.
“We have also launched the ‘One-Stop Office’ system to carry out the permit and licensing procedures investors need from a single center. Our national income per capita has exceeded $18,000. The downward trend in inflation and unemployment remaining in single digits for the past three years continue to make Türkiye an attractive center for investors,” he said.
Bolat said Türkiye’s combined goods and services exports reached $390 billion in 2025, adding that the target for 2026 was $410 billion. He also pointed to the global success of the Turkish contracting sector, saying Turkish firms had undertaken projects worth $562 billion in 138 countries.
Bolat said the coming period would see intense diplomatic activity, noting that Türkiye would host major international events this year, including the NATO Summit, the U.N. Climate Change Conference COP31 and the International Astronautical Congress.
He said Türkiye’s trade relations with Latin America and the Caribbean had gained momentum in recent years. The total trade volume with the region stood at just $920 million in 2000 but increased 18-fold over 25 years to reach $16.4 billion, he said.
Bolat said $5.7 billion of the total trade consisted of Türkiye’s exports to Latin America and the Caribbean, while $10.6 billion came from imports from the region.
“Trade with the region continued to increase in the first five months of this year, reaching $8.3 billion. While Türkiye’s exports to Latin America remained almost unchanged during this period, imports from the Latin American region increased by 19%. Thus, the foreign trade volume rose by 15.7%,” he said.
Bolat said Türkiye’s exports to Latin American countries mainly included gold, jewelry, iron and steel, automotive products, cement and petroleum oils, while imports from the region included live cattle, raw unprocessed gold, soybeans, coffee, cotton and hard coal.
Noting that Latin America and the Caribbean still did not account for a large share of Türkiye’s foreign trade, Bolat said the region’s share in Türkiye’s total exports in 2025 was 2.1%, while its share in total imports was around 3%.
“This picture shows that our supply from the region has strengthened, but it also indicates that we need to place greater importance on mutual trade relations and achieve a more balanced structure in foreign trade. In the coming period, we will raise these rates further,” he said.
Bolat said Türkiye was closely following regional integration initiatives such as MERCOSUR, or the Southern Common Market, and the Pacific Alliance, in addition to maintaining good bilateral ties with countries in the region.
“We are also carefully monitoring developments regarding the free trade agreement signed between the European Union and MERCOSUR. We believe Türkiye’s more than 30 years of Customs Union integration experience with the European Union in industrial products is also important for developing our economic relations with MERCOSUR,” he said.
Bolat said Türkiye had free trade agreements with Chile and Venezuela in the region, Joint Economic Commission mechanisms with 24 countries and Joint Economic and Trade Committee (JETCO) mechanisms with several countries.
He said the first JETCO meeting with Paraguay had also been held recently, adding that Türkiye had agreements on the reciprocal promotion and protection of investments with eight friendly countries in the region, as well as double taxation avoidance agreements with six countries.
Bolat said there were 13 business councils for the region within the Foreign Economic Relations Board (DEIK), adding that Türkiye aimed to further advance trade, investment and economic cooperation through new projects and that he believed the number of business councils would increase further.
Highlighting mutual investments, Bolat said: “As of the end of 2025, 688 companies with Latin American and Caribbean capital had been established in Türkiye, and their capital investment stock in Türkiye stood at $3.4 billion. Direct investment and capital stock from Türkiye to Latin American countries amounts to $1.3 billion. Turkish companies have investments in many sectors in Latin America, from port operations and energy investments to construction and tourism. Considering the potential between us, it is clear that mutual investments need to increase further.”
Bolat said the total value of projects undertaken by Turkish international contracting firms in Latin America and the Caribbean had reached $1.6 billion, with 45 projects completed or undertaken to date.
He also said Turkish TV series had attracted intense interest in the region, adding that Türkiye was the world’s third-fastest-growing country in TV series and film exports after the U.S. and the U.K.
Bolat said Turkish productions had become a global brand, reaching more than 1 billion viewers daily in over 150 countries.
“Turkish TV series attract great interest across Latin America and the Caribbean, particularly in Chile, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Mexico and Brazil, as well as in North America, both on national television channels and digital streaming platforms,” he said.
“With the growing interest in Turkish series in recent years, there has also been a significant rise in demand among people in the region to learn Turkish. According to the latest services export data, Türkiye exports around $610 million worth of TV series annually, 22% of which goes to the Americas. Around 40% of Türkiye’s TV and film exports to the Americas reach service consumers in the Latin American market,” he added.
Bolat said Türkiye also recognized Latin America’s deep-rooted production experience in the sector, noting that Latin American TV series were also followed with great interest in Türkiye.
“By combining Latin America’s experience in TV and film production with Türkiye’s production strength, intensive cooperation can be developed in areas such as joint productions, adaptations, scriptwriting and format exchange,” he said.
Economy
Climate action key to protecting growth, prosperity: Turkish finance chief
Climate action stands out not only as an environmental priority but also as an essential path for protecting growth, stability and prosperity, according to Treasury and Finance Minister Mehmet Şimşek.
“Climate action is not just about protecting the environment. It is about protecting growth, stability and prosperity,” the minister said at the Net Zero Delivery Summit, held as part of London Climate Action Week.
Şimşek said climate discussions over the past decade had focused mainly on targets and commitments, but the priority must now shift to implementation.
“Most countries already have ambitious targets. The real question is whether we can implement these plans at the speed and scale required,” he said.
He warned that the cost of inaction would be far higher than the cost of preventing climate-related disasters.
“If we fail to tackle climate change, the cost will be extremely high. Most studies show that the cost of inaction is many times greater than the cost of preventing a climate catastrophe,” he said.
Şimşek said developing countries, excluding China, are expected to need around $2.5 trillion annually by 2030 to meet their climate goals, while current climate finance flows stand at only about $200 billion a year.
“We are far from the scale required,” he said, adding that the issue is not a lack of capital but the need to mobilize it at scale and direct it toward investable climate projects.
“Climate risk is no longer a risk of the future. It is already an economic risk today. Moreover, this problem is not limited to individual countries; it is a global problem,” he said.
He noted that only about one-quarter of climate-related losses worldwide are insured, while the remaining burden falls on households, companies and governments.
The minister also said the global financial system needs a simpler, faster and more effective climate finance architecture, with lower capital costs, improved access to finance and stronger cooperation among public institutions, multilateral development banks and investors.
He recalled that countries agreed at COP29 in Baku on a new climate finance target of $300 billion annually by 2035 and set out a road map to mobilize $1.3 trillion.
“Now the real question is how we turn these commitments into concrete results. This is precisely where Türkiye hopes to contribute as this year’s COP31 president,” Şimşek said.
He said Türkiye aims to support implementation through its Climate Implementation Bridge initiative, which seeks to help countries turn climate priorities into investable project pipelines and connect them with financing.
On Türkiye’s COP31 priorities, Şimşek said electrification will be one of the central focus areas.
“Recent energy shocks have reminded us that energy security, affordability and sustainability can no longer be considered separately,” he said.
He said Türkiye has launched a global discussion on raising electricity’s share in final energy consumption from around 20% today to 35% by 2035.
Şimşek said Türkiye’s COP31 agenda also includes waste management, cities, oceans and youth engagement, while the COP31 Business Forum was launched this week with the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye (TOBB), serving as the private sector representative.
The forum will convene again during New York Climate Week and later at COP31 in Antalya, while Istanbul will host Climate Finance Week in September, he said.
“What the world lacks is not commitments, but implementation. These commitments can only be realized through partnerships,” Şimşek noted.
Economy
IMF approves $832M disbursement for Ivory Coast
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) said Wednesday it’s prepared to make “immediate disbursement” of more than $800 million to the Ivory Coast as part of several aid programs.
The fund’s executive board reviewed and approved three programs, allowing Abidjan to borrow approximately $832.8 million.
The lender in a statement commended Ivory Coast authorities for “sustained reform efforts” that have “helped restore macroeconomic stability.”
For nearly 15 years, the country has posted strong growth rates – among the strongest in the region – and has regained stability after a decade of strife in the early 2000s.
The Washington-based banking organization expects growth to slow to %6 in 2026, down from %6.5 in 2025, reflecting economic repercussions of the Middle East war and heightened global uncertainty.
“Inflation, which declined to near zero in 2025, has begun to rebound and is projected to average %3.3 in 2026, driven by higher food and energy prices,” the IMF said in a statement.
Economy
EU approves US tariff pact ahead of Trump deadline
EU states gave their final approval Thursday to a year-old tariff deal with the United States, allowing it to enter into force ahead of a July 4 deadline set by U.S. President Donald Trump.
Struck between Trump and EU chief Ursula von der Leyen in July 2025, the deal sets levies of %15 on most of EU exports to the U.S., and zero tariffs for U.S. industrial goods coming into the 27-nation bloc.
But the EU had yet to fulfil its side of the accord – after Trump’s threats to Greenland and a U.S. Supreme Court decision striking down many of his tariffs fuelled months of delay.
The sign-off by member states – who had already agreed the deal in substance – clears the final legislative hurdle on the EU side, following parliament’s approval earlier this month.
The deal’s approval “confirms the EU’s commitment to a stable, predictable and mutually beneficial transatlantic trade relationship, while preserving the necessary guardrails to protect European economic interests,” an EU statement said.
Lawmakers added a series of safeguards, including giving the European Commission power to suspend the pact if the U.S. side fails to meet its commitments or acts to disrupt trade and investment.
Parliament also introduced an expiration date of end-2029, unless the agreement is renewed by then.
“Openness must go hand in hand with safeguarding our interests,” said Michael Damianos, the commerce minister for the Greek Cypriot administration which holds the EU’s rotating presidency.
“These measures achieve both, supporting stable and predictable trade flows with the U.S. while ensuring the EU can respond swiftly and proportionately when the deal is not respected or its interests are at stake,” he said.
The two texts enacting the EU side of the accord – removing duties on U.S. industrial goods and introducing preferential access for certain seafood and farm products – will formally take effect a day after publication in the EU’s official journal.
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